Rheumatology

Question 1

what is pseudo gout

Answer 1

causes acute mono arthritis
mainly in the knee

Question 2

what is seen in joint fluid aspiration of pseudo gout

Answer 2

positively birefringent and rhomboid shaped crystals

Question 3

gout - what is it

Answer 3

inflammation of the joints without fever

Question 4

what is seen in fluid microscopy of gout

Answer 4

negative birefringent
needle shaped crystals

Question 5

septic arthritis - symptoms

Answer 5

fever and unwell patient
infectious cause

Question 6

what is myasthenia gravis

Answer 6

immune system attacks muscle cells
causes muscle weakness
drooping of eye lids
difficulty swallowing
blurred vision

Question 7

mechanism of action of methotrexate

Answer 7

it is a folate antagonist
people taking it can have anaemia

Question 8

abnormal weakness of certain muscles

what is it

Answer 8

myasthenia gravis

Question 9

symptoms of myasthenia gravis

Answer 9

drooping of eye lids
difficulty swallowing
blurred vision

Question 10

what is reactive arthritis

Answer 10

swelling in the limbs and eyes
can be post STI

best management - oral NSAIDS

Question 11

what is subacute combined degeneration of the cord

Answer 11

caused by severe vitamin b12 deficiency
- it causes impairment of the dorsal column and corticospinal tracts
- weakness of legs
- numbness
- loss of fine touch and propriorecption

Question 12

symptoms of pages disease

Answer 12

bowing of the bone
raised ALP
increased osteoclast activity and then also increased osteoblast activity
this means there is disorganised bone formation and breakdown
pain the bones

Question 13

what is the most common cause of oeteomyeltitis?

Answer 13

staphly aureus

Question 14

why are medications like aspirin and thiazide like diuretics a risk factor for gout

Answer 14

because they reduce the excretion of uric acid which is why it builds up in the joints making gout worse

Question 15

what is drug induced lupus

Answer 15

acne vulgaris medication like minocyline - can cause lupus

• pain in joins
  ulcers in mouth

Question 16

what is polymyositis

Answer 16

Polymyositis is an autoimmune condition in which the immune system of the body attacks.

The muscle cells which causes inflammation.

It can present with bilateral hip and shoulder weakness, raised, creatinine, kinase, and a Heliotrop, rash stiffness and pain in the fingers.

Question 17

What is behcets disease

Answer 17

It is an autoimmune condition that can cause an inflammation around the body and

present with multiple symptoms, such as
mouth sores eye,
inflammation skin,
rashes,
aneurysms
strokes
As well as joint pain and
GI issues like diarrhoea

Question 18

what is osteomalacia

Answer 18

• vitamin D deficiency causes softening of the bone
  presents with pain
• muscle weakness and bone deformaties

Question 19

antibodies for Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 19

Rheumatoid factor (50-90%), Anti-CCP (>95%),

Question 20

antibodies for SLE

Answer 20

Anti-dsDNA, Anti-sm, ANA

Question 21

antibodies for drug induced SLE

Answer 21

Anti-Histone

Question 22

antibodies for sjrogens syndrome

Answer 22

Anti-Ro, Anti-La

Question 23

antibodies for diffuse systemic scleorisis

Answer 23

Anti-Scl-70

Question 24

antibodies for limited systemic sclerosis

Answer 24

Anti-Centromere

Question 25

antibodies for dermatomyositis

Answer 25

Anti-Jo1

Question 26

antibodies for Wegener’s Granulomatosis

Answer 26

cANCA

Question 27

what is common side effect of Hydroxychloroquine used for RA

C____

Answer 27

colour blindness
confusion between red and green colours

Question 28

what is Takayasu’s arteritis

Answer 28

inflammation of the aorta and its branches

Question 29

symtoms of Takayasu’s arteritis

Answer 29

new onset headaches and weak radial pulse

Question 30

antibodies for antiphospholipid syndrome

Answer 30

Anti-beta-2-glycoprotein I antibodies