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AMK > Psychiatry Pathology > Flashcards

Psychiatry Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What happens during a tonic clonic seizure

A

Tissue hypoxia causing more lactate in the blood and low oxygen

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2
Q

What is spinothalamic tract responsible for

A

Pain and temperature

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3
Q

Vestibulospinal tract is responsible for?

A

Motor signals relating to posture

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4
Q

Cuneate fasciculus?

A

Fine touch, pain and proprioception

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5
Q

Posterior spinocerebellar?

A

Proprioceptive signals to cerebellum

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6
Q

Anterior corticospinal?

A

Motor pathway

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7
Q

memory problems in elderly patient, very progressive and shows behavioural changes - what is wrong?

A

frontotemporal dementia

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8
Q

what signs does anorexia nervosa exhibit

A
  1. hypercholesterolaemia
  2. low BMI
  3. bradycardia
  4. hypotension
  5. fine hair covering skin
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9
Q

what is transient global amnesia

A

isolated memory loss but everything else is functioning normally

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10
Q

medicine that is used for alzehimers and diarrhoea is the most common side effect

A

galantamine

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11
Q

medicine that is given to patients with severe anxiety

A

sertraline

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12
Q

what is refeeding syndrome

A

when nutritional intake is consumed too rapidly after a period of low calorie intake
- large spikes in insulin causes shift in vitamins

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13
Q

patient with decline in memory, lost way home - what is a good test to do?

A

TFT - hypo and hyper thyroidism can cause dementia

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14
Q

nihilistic delusion

A

negative thoughts - seen in depressed patients

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15
Q

grandiose delusions

A

patients believe they have high traits “they are rich” “they are the PM”

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16
Q

delusions of control

A

pt feels and external party is controlling them

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17
Q

what drugs are given in schizophrenia

A

dopamine receptor antagonists

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18
Q

capers delusions

A

pt believes they have been replaced by a clone

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19
Q

ekboms syndrome

A

pt believes they are invested with parasites

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20
Q

coward delusion

A

pt believes they are dead/rotting

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21
Q

child shows aggression, bullies, steals, throws tantrums, hitting animals

what disorder is this

A

conduct disorder

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22
Q

what’s a manic episode

A

when the person behaves strangely, its a part of bipolar disorder
person may be suddenly really happy and cheerful but also slightly aggressive

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23
Q

why should citalopram be stopped in a manic episode

A

it can cause mood disturbance

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24
Q

what is the first line management of Alzheimer’s disease?

A

memantine

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25
Q

what is the most common side effect of memantine

A

constipation

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26
Q

what is depression

A

fatigue
tiredness
weight changes

if symptoms are present everyday for 2 weeks or longer then can diagnose with depression

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27
Q

management of depression

A
  1. CBT
  2. SSRI - sertraline for adults
    fluoxetine for children
  3. citalopram or venlafaxine
  4. electroconvulsive therapy
28
Q

what is anxiety

A

can be GAD or panic disorder

GAD - constant worrying
on edge
headaches
fidgeting

Panic disorder
- recurrent panic attack episodes

29
Q

anxiety management

A
  1. CBT
  2. SSRI - sertraline

give propranolol for heart symptoms

30
Q

eating disorder - what is it

A

anorexia nervosa - BMI <18.5
bradycardia
amenorrhea

OR

bulimia nervosa
- binge eating but vomit after
- dental erosions
- Russel’s sign - scarring on the fingers

31
Q

management for anorexia

A
  • re stock on the missing nutrients
    however, careful of REFEEDING SYNDROME
  • when there is a drastic rise in nutrients it can cause drastic increase in insulin levels
  • causes hypomagnesia, hypokalaemia and less phosphates

so give magnesium phosphate for anorexia

32
Q

what is schizophrenia

A

severe long term mental health conditon
- auditory hallucinations
- thought disorders - insertion, withdrawal and broadcasting

33
Q

management of schizophrenia

A
  1. risperidone - antipsychotic
  2. olanzapine
  3. clozapine - last as it has a lot of side effects
34
Q

side effects of antipsychotics?

A

they are dopamine antagonists
dopamine inhibits prolactin so antipsychotics cause the increase in dopamine

  • so prolactin is increased
  • causes gynaecomastia, galactorrhea
  • means that men can produce milk from breasts
35
Q

management for acute bipolar disorder

A

acute manic attack with agitation - lorazepam

manic attack without agitation - olanzapine

36
Q

management for chronic bipolar disorder

A

lithium monotherapy or CBT

lithium causes fine tremor
but if the tremor becomes noticeable then it means = lithium toxicity

lithium can also cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidous

37
Q

what to remember when giving antipsychotic medication in manic episode

A

STOP ANTIDEPRESSANTS FIRST IT CAN MAKE THE MANIC EPISODE WORSE

38
Q

post partum depression

A

can present up to 1 year after birth

39
Q

what are baby blues

A

feeling low in mood up to 2 weeks after child birth

40
Q

post partum psychosis

A

develops in the first 2 weeks of birth
hallucinations

management - sertraline/paroxetine

41
Q

what are cluster A personality disorders

A

odd eccentric conditions
paranoid
schizoid
schizotypical

42
Q

what is paranoid personality disorder

A

trust issues
hypersensitive
unforgiving

43
Q

what is schizoid personality disorder

A

emotionally cold
lack interest in socialising with people

44
Q

what is schizotypical personality disorder

A

odd behaviour
delusions
lack close friends

45
Q

what are cluster B personality disorders

A

dramatic and emotional disorders

antisocial
borderline
histrionic
narcissistic

46
Q

what is antisocial personality disorder

A

reckless and aggressive
go against social norms and laws
more likely to commit crime

47
Q

what is borderline personality disorder

A

emotionally unstable
suicidal behaviour
impulsive with money

48
Q

what is histrionic personality disorder

A

always seductive
always needs to be centre of attention

49
Q

what is narcissistic personality disorder

A

arrogant
lack empathy

50
Q

what is cluster C personality disorders

A

anxious and fearful

OCPD
avoidant
dependent

51
Q

what is OCPD personality disorder

A

perfectionist
stingy with money

52
Q

what is avoidant personality disorder

A

isolated although they want to be social
fear embarrassment
they don’t get involved in social settings

53
Q

what is dependant personality disorder

A

difficulty making decisions
need someone to always give them reassurance

54
Q

alzheimers dementia features

A

caused due to the build up amyloid proteins in the brain which causes memory loss and forgetfulness

55
Q

semantic dementia

A

dementia associated with semantic memory

the ability to name objects and people

56
Q

corticobasal degeneration

A

neurodegenerative
causes language problems along with ataxia and Parkinson’s

can cause clumsiness, jerking of the arms

57
Q

Down syndrome is associated with what type of dementia?

A

alzheimers

  • this dementia is caused by a build up of amyloid plaques and this amyloid protein is found on chromosome 21
  • this is the chromosome that has the trisomy 21
58
Q

normal pressure hydrocephalus

A

dementia that presents with incontinence, ataxia and gait issues

59
Q

frontotemporal dementia

A

this is associated with personality changes, aggressiveness and impulsivity

60
Q

progressive supra nuclear palsy

A

causes dementia with speech disturbance

61
Q

what is the name of the condition in which patients fake illness to seek attention

A

Munchausen syndrome

62
Q

cardiac side effect of haloperidol

A

it can cause prolongation of the QT interval; - repolarisation of the atrium and ventricles
it can cause VT and also death§

63
Q

which med to be given to breastfeeding mums with post part depression

A

SSRI - paroxetine

64
Q

long term use of corticosteroids can cause what?

A

it can cause cushings syndrome

rise in BP
memory issues
weight gain and also bruises

65
Q

what to give to aggressive patient who isn’t calming down - DOESNT HAVE PARKINSONS

A

Haloperidol IM

66
Q

what to give to aggressive patient who isn’t calming down - DOES HAVE PARKINSONS

A

IM LORAZEPAM

67
Q

Side effects of lithium

A

it can cause hypothyroidism
and also nephrogenic diabetes insipidus - so the kidneys don’t respond to ADH

AMK (27 decks)

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