General Practice Flashcards
metronidazole is given for which type of bacteria?
anaerobic bacteria - that lives in the gut
will not work in the lungs or skin
it is not active against aerobic bacteria because it produces free radicals that are toxins for gut biome
metronidazole can or cannot be taken with alcohol?
cannot
alcohol and metronidazole have a chemical reaction that can cause vomiting and flushing
why is ibuprofen not given in chicken pox
it can cause necrotising fasciitis
what medication is given in incontinence
Anticholinergics - they block actylcholine which sends signals to the brain that the bladder is full
- if overactive then the bladder will feel full even though it isn’t
Meds:
mirabegron - given in overactive bladder, in urge incontinence
oxybutin (contraindicated in glaucoma), duloxetine
how long should condom be used for after any contraception is started
use condom for 7 days
what does the depo injection contain
only progesterone
what contraception can be given to pregnant women
progesterone only pill
IF women are ECXLUSIVELY breast feeding than that in itself is contraceptive
who is the combined pill not given to
smokers above 35 who smoke over 15 cigarettes a day
patients with clotting history
breast cancer patients
liver disease
uncontrolled BP patients
what is IBS
irritable bowel syndrome
- bowel gets easily irritated
- very common
- can be due to stress
- causes diarrhoea
management - diet symptom diary
what is IBD
inflammatory bowel disease
- diarrhoea and blood in stool
if patient is having constipation due to IBS what is given?
fibre
if patient is having diarrhoea due to IBS - what do you give?
loperamide
Reynauds phenomenon
it is caused by decreased blood flow to the finger tips
- it happens in cold or stress
- white lumps on the fingers
- blood vessels spasm due to the cold
can cause GI reflux and dry skin
frontal lobe dementia - most common sign?
change in personality !! MOST IMPORTANT SYMPTOMS
Lewy body dementia - most common sign?
parkinsons and dementia
more tone
shuffling gait
tremor
Korsakoffs dementia - most common sign?
psychosis and long term alcohol abuse history
alzheimers dementia - most common sign?
80% dementia cases are due to this
early onset but slow
common in 60/70 yrs
vascular dementia - most common sign?
20% of cases are due to this
vascular history
older age
step wise deterioration
what is the medication given for migraines
sumatriptan
what should women on the COCP be monitored for
HYPERTENSION
bells palsy forehead
NOT SPARED
forehead in stroke
IS SPARED
management of bells palsy
prednisolone
gout - presentation
comes on suddenly and very severe
only one joint
osteoarthritis presentation
gets worse gradually
classification of COPD stage 1
mild FEV1 >80%
classification of COPD stage 2
moderated FEV1 50-79%
classification of COPD stage 3
severe FEV1 30-49%
classification of COPD stage 4
very severe FEV1 <30%
calculus
a stone on the salivary gland that cause pain when eating and swelling of the area
squamous cell carcinoma of the lung can cause what symptoms
it can start acting like the parathyroid hormone PTHrp
increase calcium levels which can cause
stones
bones
moans
groans
what is the prophylaxis for migraines
1, beta blockers or amitryptiline
but don’t give beta blockers in asthma or diabetes
give sumatriptan during an attack
when is sumatriptan taken
it is taken during the headache phase not the aura
what is Charles bonnet syndrome
this is when a patient has hallucinations and sees things that aren’t real
they know they aren’t real
it happens when a person is losing or has lost their sight
eyes compensate for this
idiopathic intracranial hypertension
classically seen in overweight females
headache bilateral
blurred vision
papilooedema
COCP
CNV1 palsy
