General Practice

Question 1

metronidazole is given for which type of bacteria?

Answer 1

anaerobic bacteria - that lives in the gut

will not work in the lungs or skin

it is not active against aerobic bacteria because it produces free radicals that are toxins for gut biome

Question 2

metronidazole can or cannot be taken with alcohol?

Answer 2

cannot

alcohol and metronidazole have a chemical reaction that can cause vomiting and flushing

Question 3

why is ibuprofen not given in chicken pox

Answer 3

it can cause necrotising fasciitis

Question 4

what medication is given in incontinence

Answer 4

Anticholinergics - they block actylcholine which sends signals to the brain that the bladder is full
- if overactive then the bladder will feel full even though it isn’t

Meds:
mirabegron - given in overactive bladder, in urge incontinence
oxybutin (contraindicated in glaucoma), duloxetine

Question 5

how long should condom be used for after any contraception is started

Answer 5

use condom for 7 days

Question 6

what does the depo injection contain

Answer 6

only progesterone

Question 7

what contraception can be given to pregnant women

Answer 7

progesterone only pill

IF women are ECXLUSIVELY breast feeding than that in itself is contraceptive

Question 8

who is the combined pill not given to

Answer 8

smokers above 35 who smoke over 15 cigarettes a day
patients with clotting history
breast cancer patients
liver disease
uncontrolled BP patients

Question 9

what is IBS

Answer 9

irritable bowel syndrome
- bowel gets easily irritated
- very common
- can be due to stress
- causes diarrhoea

management - diet symptom diary

Question 10

what is IBD

Answer 10

inflammatory bowel disease
- diarrhoea and blood in stool

Question 11

if patient is having constipation due to IBS what is given?

Answer 11

fibre

Question 12

if patient is having diarrhoea due to IBS - what do you give?

Answer 12

loperamide

Question 13

Reynauds phenomenon

Answer 13

it is caused by decreased blood flow to the finger tips
- it happens in cold or stress
- white lumps on the fingers
- blood vessels spasm due to the cold

can cause GI reflux and dry skin

Question 14

frontal lobe dementia - most common sign?

Answer 14

change in personality !! MOST IMPORTANT SYMPTOMS

Question 15

Lewy body dementia - most common sign?

Answer 15

parkinsons and dementia
more tone
shuffling gait
tremor

Question 16

Korsakoffs dementia - most common sign?

Answer 16

psychosis and long term alcohol abuse history

Question 17

alzheimers dementia - most common sign?

Answer 17

80% dementia cases are due to this
early onset but slow
common in 60/70 yrs

Question 18

vascular dementia - most common sign?

Answer 18

20% of cases are due to this
vascular history
older age
step wise deterioration

Question 19

what is the medication given for migraines

Answer 19

sumatriptan

Question 20

what should women on the COCP be monitored for

Answer 20

HYPERTENSION

Question 21

bells palsy forehead

Answer 21

NOT SPARED

Question 22

forehead in stroke

Answer 22

IS SPARED

Question 23

management of bells palsy

Answer 23

prednisolone

Question 24

gout - presentation

Answer 24

comes on suddenly and very severe
only one joint

Question 25

osteoarthritis presentation

Answer 25

gets worse gradually

Question 26

classification of COPD stage 1

Answer 26

mild FEV1 >80%

Question 27

classification of COPD stage 2

Answer 27

moderated FEV1 50-79%

Question 28

classification of COPD stage 3

Answer 28

severe FEV1 30-49%

Question 29

classification of COPD stage 4

Answer 29

very severe FEV1 <30%

Question 30

calculus

Answer 30

a stone on the salivary gland that cause pain when eating and swelling of the area

Question 31

squamous cell carcinoma of the lung can cause what symptoms

Answer 31

it can start acting like the parathyroid hormone PTHrp

increase calcium levels which can cause
stones
bones
moans
groans

Question 32

what is the prophylaxis for migraines

Answer 32

1, beta blockers or amitryptiline
but don’t give beta blockers in asthma or diabetes

give sumatriptan during an attack

Question 33

when is sumatriptan taken

Answer 33

it is taken during the headache phase not the aura

Question 34

what is Charles bonnet syndrome

Answer 34

this is when a patient has hallucinations and sees things that aren’t real
they know they aren’t real
it happens when a person is losing or has lost their sight
eyes compensate for this

Question 35

idiopathic intracranial hypertension

Answer 35

classically seen in overweight females
headache bilateral
blurred vision
papilooedema
COCP
CNV1 palsy