Disease Profiles Flashcards
Coeliac Disease and Symptoms
protein gluten is not properly broken down - autoimmune disorder
- affects the small intestine
Symptoms: diarrhoea, abdominal distention and malabsorption
Wilsons Disease and Symptoms
- disorder of copper metabolism
- it is not metabolised properly by the liver
- copper is deposited into other organs
Addison Disease
- autoimmune disease that causes destruction to 3 layers of adrenal cortex
- destruction to corticoid hormones
Symptoms:
-fatigue, weakness, weightloss, nausea
Gout
- disease where there are recurrent attacks of arthritis
- urine deposits in joints
- causes rise in urine uric acid levels
Two types of primary gout
- enzyme deficiency so uric acid is not broken down
2. deficiency is transport of uric acid via the renal tubules
Secondary Gout
when there is a decrease in excretion of uric acid and so more is present in the body
Aneuploidy
when there is an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell
Stable Angina and Symptoms
- narrowing of the coronary arteries
- plaque in arteries builds up and reduces blood flow to the heart
- can then lead to ischaemia of the heart as not enough oxygen is delivered
Symptoms
- central chest pain
Acute Coronary Syndrome and Symptoms
- result of sudden unpredictable distribution in coronary blood flow
- can cause ischaemia and necrosis
- caused due to plaque which can rupture and cause thrombus
Symptoms:
- chest pain that radiates to jaw, neck or arm
- shortness of breath, sweating and vomiting
Heart Failure
- the heart is unable to produce a cardiac output
-
Hypertension
- blood pressure is increased
- greater risk of stroke and heart attack
Pericarditis and Symptoms
- inflammation of the pericardium
- may be due to infection/virus
- autoimmune disease
Symptoms
- sharp retro sternal pain
- left sided pain
Constrictive Pericarditis and Symptoms
- the thickening of the pericardium
- can be caused by tuberculosis
Symptoms:
- right heart failure
- dyspnoea
Rickets
- caused due to deficiency of vitamin D
- cartilage doesn’t get calcified and bone growth is disturbed
Scurvy
- vitamin C deficiency
- collagen fibres are impaired due to lack of collagen
- can cause defects in forming capillaries
Rheumatic Fever
- pain in joints
- can lead to infection
- affect mitral valve of the heart
Rheumatoid Arthritis
- inflammatory disease of the synovial joints
- causes deformity of the fingers
Cor Pulmonale
- hypertrophy causing failure to the right ventricle
- it is a complication of COPD
- raised JVP
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae
- atypical pneumonia
- causes flu-like symptoms
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
- inflammation of the lung due to infection
Pneumonia
- inflammatory condition of the lungs caused due to infection
- fluid starts to leak into the alveoli
- lungs can become consolidated
Pulmonary Embolism
- clot in the lungs
- shortness of breath
- treatment is to give anticoagulation drugs
Cystic Fibrosis
- overproduction of mucus by the goblet cells
- causes mucus to fill in the lungs
- can cause productive cough and finger clubbing
Pleural Effusion
-accumulation of excess fluid in the pleural cavity
Cushing’s Syndrome
- having too much cortisol in your body
- can be due to a tumour in the pituitary gland in the brain
- tumour in adrenal gland
symptoms:
- increased fat on chest + tummy
- easy bruising skin
- weakness in limbs
chronic intracranial hypertension
- due to severe brain injury
- headache
temporary loss of vision
feeling sick
Malignant hypertension
Ankylosing Spondylitis
- type of arthritis where there is long term inflammation in the joints of the spine
