revision questions Flashcards

1
Q

what proportion of hernias are sliding

A

80%

where the gastro oesophageal junction slides into the chest

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2
Q

what are the features of hiatus hernias

A

best diagnosed with a barium swallow

associated with obesity

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3
Q

what causes gastro oesophageal reflux disease

A

decreased sphincter tone
heart burn
can cause barrets oesophagus

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4
Q

what does the absence of bilirubin in the urine but present of jaundice indicate

A

haemolytic jaundice
gilbert’s
as there is unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia but normal conjugated bilirubin

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5
Q

what is enzyme is an indicator of pancreatitis

A

amylase

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6
Q

what two structures form the inferior hypogastric plexus

A

superior hypogastric plexus (sympathetic) and the pelvic splanchnic nerves (parasympathetic)

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7
Q

where does the superior hypogastric plexus receive its innervation

A

lumbar splanchnics

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8
Q

where do the anococcygeal nerves come from

A

coccygeal plexus

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9
Q

what is the root value of the lumbosacral plexus

A

L4 and 5

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10
Q

what supplies the LL adductor muscles

A

obturator

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11
Q

where should the Z line be

A

40-43 cm from the incisors

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