revision questions Flashcards
what proportion of hernias are sliding
80%
where the gastro oesophageal junction slides into the chest
what are the features of hiatus hernias
best diagnosed with a barium swallow
associated with obesity
what causes gastro oesophageal reflux disease
decreased sphincter tone
heart burn
can cause barrets oesophagus
what does the absence of bilirubin in the urine but present of jaundice indicate
haemolytic jaundice
gilbert’s
as there is unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia but normal conjugated bilirubin
what is enzyme is an indicator of pancreatitis
amylase
what two structures form the inferior hypogastric plexus
superior hypogastric plexus (sympathetic) and the pelvic splanchnic nerves (parasympathetic)
where does the superior hypogastric plexus receive its innervation
lumbar splanchnics
where do the anococcygeal nerves come from
coccygeal plexus
what is the root value of the lumbosacral plexus
L4 and 5
what supplies the LL adductor muscles
obturator
where should the Z line be
40-43 cm from the incisors