anti helminthics Flashcards
what type of helminth are ascaris and hook worm
intestinal nematodes (round worm)
what are the two types of cestode
taenia and echinococcus (tapeworm)
what are the 3 types of trematodes (fluke)
lung, liver and blood
schistosoma
how is ascaris (nematode) transmitted
faecal oral
how is schistosomiasis transmitted (trematode/ fluke)
direct invasion
how is filariasis transmitted (roundworm/ nematode)
aedes mosquito
how is onchocerciasis transmitted (roundworm/ nematode)
flies
how is schistosomiasis (bilharzia/ trematode) transmitted
snails
what helminth is responsible for river blindness
onchocerciasis (nematode)
what is taenia solium
tapeworm (cestode)
what is filariasis
round worm (nematode) transmitted by mosquito causes elaphantitis
what is the disease process in filariasis (nematode)
causes acute lymphodema
then repeated cycles of inflammation and bacterial infections
then elephantiasis
what pathogens cause inflammation
filariasis (nematode)
onchocerciasis (nematode)
schistosomiasis (trematode)
what pathogens compete for nutrients
hookworm (nematode)
ascaris (nematode)
tapeworm (cestode)
trichiuris (nematode)
what is trichuris (nematode)
whip worm abdo symptoms growth retardation and intellectual retardation anaemia and blood loss malnutrition
what are the features of hook worm (nematode)
anaemia and abdo pain
what are the features of ascaris
abdo pain
intestinal obstruction
jaundice due to bile obstruciton
what does cystercosis (tapeworm, taenia solium) cause
CSF obstruction
where might schistomes cause fibrosis
lungs, liver, bladder
leading to rt heart failure, portal hypertension and bladder cancer
how can helminths be treated
depending on the pathogenesis
e.g. inflammation- steroids
support nutrition
surgery
how are cestodes/ tapeworms treated
praziquantel
how are nematodes/ roundworms usually treated
albendazole
how does praziquantel work
increases calcium permeability to treat cestodes/ tapeworms
how do you treat hydatid disease (cestode)
praziquantel or albendazole
how do you treat cysticercosis (cestode)
praziquantel
how do you treat schistosomiasis (trematode/ fluke)
praziquantel
how is ascariaisis (nematode) treated
albendazole
what is giardiasis
caused by protozoa
diarrhoea, weakness
how is giardiasis (flagelated protozoan) treated
albendazole
how does albendazole work
binds to tubulin
prevents glucose uptake
what medicine may be teratogenic
albendazole
what is piperazine used to treat
ascariasis
what is pyrantel used to treat
hookworms and round worms
how does pyrantel work
depolarising NM blockade
what is levamisole for
ascariasis
what is diethyl carbamazine
piperazine derivative for filariasis
what is ivermectin for
filariasis, lice, scabies, bed bugs
what is niclosamide for
tapeworm
