GI hormones

Question 1

where is gastrin produced

Answer 1

G cells in the antrum, duodenum and jejunum

Question 2

what is the target of gastrin

Answer 2

parietal cells in the body of the stomach

Question 3

what is the function of gastrin

Answer 3

increases H+ secretion

mucosal growth

Question 4

where is cholecystokinin produced

Answer 4

I cells in duodenum and jejunem, neurones in the iluem and colon

Question 5

what is the target of cholecystokinin

Answer 5

pancreas, gall bladder

Question 6

what is the function of cholecystokinin

Answer 6

increases enzyme secretion
increases contraction of gallbladder

(increases bicarbonate secretion
increases growth of pancreas
inhibits gastric emptying)

Question 7

where is secretin produced

Answer 7

S cells in small intestine

Question 8

what is the function of secretin

Answer 8

increases bicarbonate ion and fluid secretion by pancreas
decreases gastric acid secretion

(increases pepsin secretion
increases growth of pancreas)

Question 9

where does secretin act

Answer 9

stomach and pancreas

Question 10

where is gastric- inhibitory peptide produced

Answer 10

K cells in duodenum and jejunum

Question 11

where does GIP act

Answer 11

pancreas and stomach

Question 12

what is the function of GIP

Answer 12

decreases fluid absorption
increases insulin release
decreases gastrin release

Question 13

where is glucagon produced

Answer 13

alpha cells islets of langerhans

Question 14

what is the target of glucagon

Answer 14

liver

Question 15

what is the function of glucagon

Answer 15

increases glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

Question 16

what is the function of Guanylin

Answer 16

increases fluid adsorption

Question 17

where is guanylin produced

Answer 17

endocrine cells in upper GI tract

Question 18

where does guanylin act

Answer 18

intestine

Question 19

where does motilin act

Answer 19

oesophageal sphincter, stomach, duodenum

Question 20

where is motilin produced

Answer 20

M cells in the duodenum and jejunum

Question 21

what does Motilin do

Answer 21

increases smooth muscle contraction- gastric motility and intestinal motility

Question 22

where is neurotensin produced

Answer 22

N cells of ileum

Question 23

where does neurotensin act

Answer 23

smooth muscles and vagus

Question 24

what does neurotensin do

Answer 24

relaxes smooth muscle

decreases gastric acid secretion

Question 25

what does somatostain do? (paracrine)

Answer 25

decreases gastrin release
increases fluid absorption

decreases fluid secretion
increases smooth muscle contraction
decreases endo and exocrine secretions
decrease bile flow

Question 26

where is somatostatin produced

Answer 26

D cells of stomach and duodenum

delta cells of pancreatic islets

Question 27

what is the target for somatostatin

Answer 27

stomach
intestine
pancreas
liver

Question 28

what is the function of histamine ( paracrine)

Answer 28

stimulates H+ secretion from parietal cells in the stomach

Question 29

what is the function of aCh

Answer 29

contraction of GI wall
relaxation of sphincters
increases secretion

Question 30

what stimulates gastrin secretion

Answer 30

protein
distension
nerves

acid inhibits release

Question 31

what stimulates cholecystokinin production

Answer 31

protein
fat
acid

Question 32

what stimulates secretin

Answer 32

acid

fat

Question 33

what stimulates gastric inhibitory protein

Answer 33

protein
fat
carbs

Question 34

what do enterochromaffin cells produce

Answer 34

serotonin

Question 35

what are the types of enteroendocrine cells

Answer 35

K- gastrin inhibitory peptide
L- glucagon like peptide
I -cholecystokinin
G- gastrin
enterochromaffin- serotonin
N- neutotensin
S - secretin

Question 36

ghrelin

Answer 36

hunger and appetite

Question 37

epidermal growth factor

Answer 37

mucosal protection

Question 38

what cells produce bile

Answer 38

hepatocytes

Question 39

what is the mechanism of alcholic fatty liver disease

Answer 39

energy is diverted to breaking down alcohol and not fat