kidney hormones Flashcards

1
Q

what hormones does the kidney release

A

erythropoietin
calcitriol
renin

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2
Q

what two organs release erythropoietin

A

kidneys and liver(neonates predominantly)

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3
Q

what might stimulate increase in erythropoietin

A

being at altitude, loss of red blood
cells due to haemorrhage or excessive red blood cell destruction and increased tissue oxygen
demands.
reduced O2 carrying capacity of the RBC

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4
Q

what determines release of erythropoietin

A

ability of the blood cell to carry oxygen

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5
Q

how does erythropoietin work

A

stimulates bone marrow cells that are committed to becoming RBCs

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6
Q

what can the effect be on erythropoietin in renal failure

A

scarring leads to decrease in functioning cells, drop in the release of erythropoietin leading to anaemia

synthetic erythropoietin can be used

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7
Q

what is cholecalciferol

A

vitamin D

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8
Q

what organ converts vitamin D to 25-hydroxycholecalciferol

A

liver

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9
Q

what do the kidneys convert 25-hydroxycholecalciferol to

A

calcicitrol

aka 1, 25- dihydroxycholecalciferol

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10
Q

what hormone promotes conversion of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol to calcitriol

A

parathyroid hormone

it is inhibited by high plasma phosphate levels

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11
Q

what does PTH do

A

increases levels of calcium in the blood

decreases levels of phosphate

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12
Q

what is the function of calcitriol

A

increase the absorption of ingested calcium by increasing expression of calcium channels used to transport calcium across the cell membrane

also increases phosphate absorption

an simulates calcification of the bone matrix

stimulates osteoblasts and clasts to remodel the bone

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13
Q

describe the conversion of cholecalciferol

A

liver hydroxylates it first
then kidneys to produce calcitriol

reaction is promoted by PTH

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14
Q

What causes hyper parathyroidism

A

kidney failure > reduced levels of calcitriol> increased production of PTH in order to try to raise calcitriol > growth of gland

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15
Q

what are some consequences of renal failure

A

osteomalacia
osteoporosis
hyperparathyroidism

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16
Q

what is vitamin d a precursor for

A

steroids involved in regulation of calcium