food allergy and intolerance Flashcards

1
Q

what can mediate food allergies

A

IgE or T cell

IgE is quicker

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2
Q

what allergies are common in adults

A

fish, shellfish, peanuts

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3
Q

what are common allergies for children

A

cows milk, egg white, wheat and soy

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4
Q

what are the symptoms of acute hypersensitivity

A

urticarial (histamine is released under the skin) tissue swelling
vomiting
diarrhoea
eczema
rhinitis
asthma
food sensitive enteropathy (T cell mediated) e.g. coeliac

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5
Q

what are the symptoms of food intolerance

A
migraine 
IBS
Chinese restaurant syndrome due to flavour enhancers 
bloating
phenylketonuria
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6
Q

what patients should be given nutritional support

A

malnourished patients
those not expected to eat for 5 days
patients who can’t eat enough

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7
Q

what is the basis of refeeding syndrome

A

insulin causes cellular uptake of electrolytes

plus fluid overload

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8
Q

what should you do for patients who have not eaten for 4 days or more

A

no more than 50% of energy requirements

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9
Q

under what conditions should you give more protein

A

catabolic conditions such as burns

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10
Q

why are vitamins higher in parenteral administration

A

disease usually means they need more

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11
Q

why might you give fewer electrolytes paraenterally

A

increased bioavailability

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12
Q

what does PEG stand for

A

percutaneous endoscopic gastronomy

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13
Q

how can enteral nutrition be administered

A

PEG
fine bore NG tube
needle catheter jejunostomy

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14
Q

how much of energy should be from carbs

A

50%

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15
Q

how much energy should be from fat

A

30%

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16
Q

who should supplements be given to

A

those with COPD
BMI less than 20
children with poor growth

17
Q

what is the most common reason for starting home tube feeding

A

dysphagia

often neurological e.g. stroke