nerves Flashcards

1
Q

what passes through the IV foramen

A

a mixed spinal nerve

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2
Q

where does L1 nerve emerge

A

the foramen below L1 vertebra

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3
Q

what is a myotome

A

a muscle, part of muscle or group of muscles supplied by one spinal nerve

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4
Q

what type of nerves supply the skin and muscles of the abdo wall

A

ventral rami of the spinal nerves T7-L1

they are supplied in segments

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5
Q

what two muscle layers do the abdo nerves travel through

A

int obl and trans abdo

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6
Q

where is epigastric pain referred to

A

T7 dermatome

pain from stomach and oesophagus

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7
Q

where is umbilical pain referred to

A

T10 dermatome

appendix, gonad, small intestine

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8
Q

where is suprapubic pain referred to

A

T12 dermatome

lower colon, bladder and uterus

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9
Q

where does herpes zoster live

A

DRG

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10
Q

what nerves supply the skin of the abdo wall

A

intercostals, subcostal, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal

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11
Q

which way will you push the rectus muscle during surgery

A

laterally to avoid denervation as the nerves run lateral to medial

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12
Q

how does rectus and pyramidalis receive its nerve supply

A

the nerves pierce the posterior wall of the rectus sheath

they terminate by piercing the anterior wall of the sheath and supplying the overlying skin

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13
Q

describe the course of the iliohypogastric nerve

A

pierces the external oblique aponeurosis above the superficial inguinal ring
supplies the fibres of internal oblique and transversus abdominis that form the conjoint tendon
supplies skin just above the inguinal ligament

L1

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14
Q

describe the course of the ilioinguinal nerve

A

emerges through the superficial ring
supplies skin just above the inguinal ligament

L1

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15
Q

where is the lumbar plexus visible

A

posterior abdo and pelvic walls

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16
Q

where is McBurney’s point

A

1/3rd of the way up the line from the ASIS to the umbilicus

extending the incision laterally may affect the iliohypogastric nerve (conjoint tendon and hernia)

17
Q

describe the arterial supply of the abdo wall

A

intercostal and lumbar arteries, superior, inferior and superficial epigastrics, superficial and deep circumflex iliacs

18
Q

what are afferent neurones

A

sensory

19
Q

what are efferent neurones

A

motor etc

20
Q

what is the afferent pathway of swallowing

A

sensory information from touch receptors in the pharynx

21
Q

where is the swallowing centre

A

medulla and lower pons

22
Q

what is the efferent motor pathway in swallowing

A

cranial innervation of pharynx and upper oesophagus

vagal motor for lower oesophagus

23
Q

how is the lower oesophageal sphincter opened

A

peptidergic nerves in the vagus releasing VIP

VIP causes smooth muscle relaxation

24
Q

what does the iliohypogastric nerve supply

A

conjoint tendon and skin above inguinal ligament