alcholic liver disease epidemiology

Question 1

what are the symptoms of alcoholic liver disease

Answer 1

vague
nausea
weight loss 
jaundice
confusion 
blood in vomit/ stools

Question 2

how is alcoholic liver disease diagnosed

Answer 2

blood tests
LFTs
serum albumin 
Imagining
Biopsy

Question 3

how is alcoholic liver disease treated

Answer 3

stop drinking

transplant

Question 4

what are the complications of it

Answer 4

ascites 
encephalopathy
portal hypertension
varices
cancer

Question 5

what is the first stage of the disease

Answer 5

build up of fat in the liver
reversible
alcoholic fatty liver

Question 6

what is the second stage of the disease

Answer 6

if mild can be reversible

alcoholic hepatitis

Question 7

what is the third stage

Answer 7

significant scarring
not reversible
50% mortality if continue to drink
liver cirrhosis

Question 8

describe the 3 considerations of epidemiology

Answer 8

time
person
place

Question 9

describe the epidemiology of alcoholic liver disease in Scotland

Answer 9

commonest cause of liver disease death
approx. 80%
has increased over time
mostly males

Question 10

what age is most commonly affected

Answer 10

55-65 years

Question 11

what social class is most commonly affected

Answer 11

SIMD1 - most deprived

Question 12

what are the wider impacts of excess alcohol intake

Answer 12

violence
crime
domestic violence
economic productivity
family and social

Question 13

what are the determinants of health

Answer 13

age, sex, genetic
lifestyle
social and community
living and working conditions
general socioeconomic, cultural and environmental condition

Question 14

what are the barriers to reducing alcoholic liver disease

Answer 14

6% of people employed in alcohol related industry
ingrained in our society 
part of way of life
social lubricant 
stigma to not drinking
political barriers

Question 15

what organisations are involved in reducing alcohol consumption

Answer 15

• Scottish Government
• Alcohol Industry
• Retailers
• NHS
• Police
• Local Authorities
• Voluntary Sector Agencies

Question 16

what are the elements of health promotion from the otowa charter

Answer 16

tackling the determinants of health
working in partnership with a range of agencies and sectors
adopt a strategic approach to promote the health of the population

Question 17

what are the features of health promotion

Answer 17

develop personal skills
strengthen community action
reorientate health services
building healthy public policy 
create supportive environments

Question 18

what are the three features of the tannahill model of health promotion

Answer 18

health education
prevention
health protection and policy

Question 19

what are the three approaches to health promotion

Answer 19

population approach in which the aim is to lower the average level of risk
high risk approach to identify people with high risk
targeted population approach involves identifying communities at greater risk

Question 20

when is the population approach useful

Answer 20

–The disease/risk factor is distributed among large proportions of the population
–The results of not intervening to prevent the disease even in one person are very severe

Question 21

what are some examples of population approach

Answer 21

adding folic acid to flour

fluoridating water

Question 22

when is the high risk approach useful

Answer 22

• It may be difficult to change behaviour at population level
• Where there is concentrated risk within the population

Question 23

what are some examples of high risk approach

Answer 23

bowel cancer screening kits

surgery for high risk of breast cancer

Question 24

how has Scotland tried to change its relationship with alcohol

Answer 24

prevent sale of alcohol as a loss leader
introduces a minimum price

increase education in schools
improve labelling

screening tools
training programme
interventions 
youth commission
reduce violence