alcholic liver disease epidemiology Flashcards
what are the symptoms of alcoholic liver disease
vague nausea weight loss jaundice confusion blood in vomit/ stools
how is alcoholic liver disease diagnosed
blood tests LFTs serum albumin Imagining Biopsy
how is alcoholic liver disease treated
stop drinking
transplant
what are the complications of it
ascites encephalopathy portal hypertension varices cancer
what is the first stage of the disease
build up of fat in the liver
reversible
alcoholic fatty liver
what is the second stage of the disease
if mild can be reversible
alcoholic hepatitis
what is the third stage
significant scarring
not reversible
50% mortality if continue to drink
liver cirrhosis
describe the 3 considerations of epidemiology
time
person
place
describe the epidemiology of alcoholic liver disease in Scotland
commonest cause of liver disease death
approx. 80%
has increased over time
mostly males
what age is most commonly affected
55-65 years
what social class is most commonly affected
SIMD1 - most deprived
what are the wider impacts of excess alcohol intake
violence crime domestic violence economic productivity family and social
what are the determinants of health
age, sex, genetic lifestyle social and community living and working conditions general socioeconomic, cultural and environmental condition
what are the barriers to reducing alcoholic liver disease
6% of people employed in alcohol related industry ingrained in our society part of way of life social lubricant stigma to not drinking political barriers
what organisations are involved in reducing alcohol consumption
- Scottish Government
- Alcohol Industry
- Retailers
- NHS
- Police
- Local Authorities
- Voluntary Sector Agencies
what are the elements of health promotion from the otowa charter
tackling the determinants of health
working in partnership with a range of agencies and sectors
adopt a strategic approach to promote the health of the population
what are the features of health promotion
develop personal skills strengthen community action reorientate health services building healthy public policy create supportive environments
what are the three features of the tannahill model of health promotion
health education
prevention
health protection and policy
what are the three approaches to health promotion
population approach in which the aim is to lower the average level of risk
high risk approach to identify people with high risk
targeted population approach involves identifying communities at greater risk
when is the population approach useful
–The disease/risk factor is distributed among large proportions of the population
–The results of not intervening to prevent the disease even in one person are very severe
what are some examples of population approach
adding folic acid to flour
fluoridating water
when is the high risk approach useful
- It may be difficult to change behaviour at population level
- Where there is concentrated risk within the population
what are some examples of high risk approach
bowel cancer screening kits
surgery for high risk of breast cancer
how has Scotland tried to change its relationship with alcohol
prevent sale of alcohol as a loss leader
introduces a minimum price
increase education in schools
improve labelling
screening tools training programme interventions youth commission reduce violence
