oral cavity, pharynx and oesophagus Flashcards
where is the hyoid bone
opposite c3
it is a supportive strut for the floor of the mouth, tongue and pharynx
where does the oral cavity end
the palato glossal arches
what bones form the hard palate
the maxilla and horizontal plate of palatine
where is the condylar process
on the ramus of the mandible, posteriorly
where is the coronoid process
on the ramus of the mandible, anteriorly
what is the lower attachment for the pterygomandibular raphe
retromolar fossa
what lies in the mandibular foramen
the inferior alveolar/ dental nerve which supplies the lower teeth
what attaches at the mylohyoid line which is a line on the internal aspect of the mandible
the mylohyoid muscle
what lies in the submandibular fossa
the submandibular gland
what lies in the sublinguinal fossa
the sublinguinal gland
which muscle opens the mouth
lateral pterygoid
movement occurs in the upper joint cavity
which muscles close the mouth
medial pterygoid, masseter and temporalis
what nerve supplies the muscles that close the mouth
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V3)
what nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression (obicularis oris, buccinator, depressor anguli oris, levator anguli oris)
facial, cranial nerve 7
where is the modiolus
lateral to the corner of the mouth
it is the point of cross over for the fibres of buccinator
what nerves supply sensation to the skin over the cheeks and lips and the mucous membrane
maxillary and mandibular branches of the trigeminal nerve, V2 and 3
what muscle makes up the floor of the mouth
mylohyoid, suspended between the madible and the hyoid bone. It supports the tongue.
what are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue
genioglossus, palatoglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus
what nerve supplies the tongue extrinsics
hypoglossal -Cn7
and vagus supplies palatoglossus
name the two arches in the mouth
palatoglossal arch and palatopharyngeal
what bone is the cheek bone
zygoma
what two muscles make up the pterygomandibular raphe
buccinator and superior pharyngeal constrictor
what movements contribute to open the mouth
protrustion and depression
the condyle and disc glide together
what movements close the mouth
retraction and elevation
what are the muscles of facial expression
obicularis oris, buccinator, levator and depressor anguli oris
what bones do the muscles of facial expression attach to
zygoma, maxilla and mandible. they insert into the skin
what type of epithelium lines the inside of the cheeks
non keratinised, stratified squamous epithelium lining the mucous membrane
what type of salivary glands are found in the cheeks
mucous
what is the lower attachment of the pterygomandibular raphe
retromolar fossa
what is the upper attachment of the pterygomandibular raphe
pterygoid hamulus at the lower end of the medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
what nerve supplies sensation to the skin of the cheeks and lips, and the corresponding internal mucous membrane
branches from the maxillary and mandibular divisions of the trigeminal nerve (V2 and 3)
what nerve supplies mylohyoid
V3
mandibular division of trigeminal
where might infection in the floor of the mouth spread to
along fascial planes to the larynx leading to airway closure(oedema)
what muscle lies over mylohyoid
geniohyoid
what does palatoglossus attach to
palatine aponeurosis
what does styloglossus attach to
styloid process
what do palatoglossus and styloglossus do
draw the tongue upwards and backwards
what does hyoglossus do
draws the sides of the tongue down
what does genioglossus do
protrudes the tongue
attached to the chin
what marking divides the tongue into an anterior 2/3 and a posterior 1/3
terminal sulcus
what type of papillae line the tongue
fungiform
filliform
circumvalate
they allow the tongue to grip food
what is the purpose of saliva
lubrication
start digestion
maintain health of teeth and gums
what type of epithelium is found on the tongue
stratified squamous epithelium
what nerve supplies the ant 2/3 of the tongue
linguinal -v3
what nerve supplies the post 1/3 of the tongue
glossopharyngeal -Cn9
where does the linguinal artery branch from
external carotid
where do the deep and dorsal veins of the tongue drain to
internal jugular
where does the back of the tongue drain lymph to
upper deep cervical nodes
where does the tip of the tongue drain to
submental lymph nodes
where does the side of the tongue drain lymph to
inferior deep cervical nodes and submandibular nodes
what type of saliva is produced by each gland
parotid - serous
submandibular- serous and mucous
sublinguinal - mucous
what is the nerve supply of the salivary glands
glossopharyngeal -cn9
and facial -cn7
where do the SLG empty into
into the papillae, either side of the tongue frenulum
where is the parotid gland
in the investing layer of fascia
between the mandibular ramus and sternocleidomastoid, inferior to the auricle over the styloid process
overlaps masseter
where does the parotid gland empty
2nd upper molar
what is the function of the soft palate
separates the naso and oro pharynx during swallowing
stops food from falling into the pharynx or larynx during mastication
what muscles make up the soft palate
aponeurosis of tensor palati
levator palati inserts from above
where is the palatine tonsil
between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches
(formed by palatoglossus muscle and palatopharyngeas )
glossopharyngeal
where is levator palati found
the apex of the petrous temporal bone and from the cartilage of the auditory tube
inserts into the upper aspect of the palatine aponeurosis
what nerve supplies tensor palati
nerve to medial pterygoid from V3
what nerve supplies levator palati
vagus via the pharyngeal plexus
which muscles attach to the auditory tube
levator and tensor palati- swallowing opens the auditory tube
what nerve supplies the palate
greater and lesser palatine branches of the maxillary nerve
what nerve supplies the tonsils
glossopharyngeal
what is the function of the uvula
receives the musculus uvulae and closes off the oropharynx. Responsible for the gag reflex.
how is the oropharyngeal isthmus closed during mastication
palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus contract and the tongue is bought upwards
how many teeth are there in an adult
8 per quarter 3 molars 2 premolars 1 canine 2 incisors
how many teeth do babies have
1 incisor, 2 canines, 2 molars
what nerve supplies the upper teeth
alveolar/ dental branches of the maxillary nerve (v2) that also supply the maxillary sinus
what nerve supplies the lower teeth
the inferior alveolar (dental) branch of v3
where is the salphingopharyngeal fold?
behind the soft palate
which muscles elevate the pharynx and larynx
salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus, palatoglossus, stylohyoid
where in the pharynx may foreign bodies get stuck
piriform fossa
where is the palatine tonsil
anterior to the palatopharyngeal fold of palatopharyngeus
where is the lingual tonsil
in the pharyngeal part of the tongue
where is the piriform fossa
between the quadrangular membrane of the larynx and the side wall of the pharynx
where is the laryngeal inlet
between the aryepiglotic folds
what is the purpose of the pharyngobasilar fascia
provides attachment for the constrictors and holds open the nasopharynx
what is the purpose of the constrictor and elevator muscles
constrictors push the bolus towards the oesophagus
elavators lift up the pharynx to receive the bolus
where does the stylohyoid ligament attach
lesser horn of hyoid
styloid process on the temporal bone
where does levator palati attach
apex of the petrous temporal bone
where does the pharyngobasilar fascia attach
cartilage of the auditory tube, medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid, pharyngeal tubercle (raphe)
where does pain in the oropharynx refer to
middle ear due to the glossopharyngeal nerve
the oropharynx, palatine tonsil, inf aspect of the soft palate and posterior tongue are supplied by what nerve
glossopharyngeal (9)
what sensory nerve supplies the laryngopharynx, vallecula and epiglottis
vagus -10
what sensory nerves supply the soft palate
combination of v2 and 9
what is the parasympathetic secretomotor supply of the pharynx
vagus and facial nerves
what nerve supplies the muscles of the pharynx
vagus except stylopharyngeus which is 9
where is the pharyngeal plexus
the external pharyngeal wall. includes 9, 10 and cervical sympathetics
what nerves supply the gag reflex
afferent 9
efferent 10
where is the pharyngeal reces
behind the auditory tube
what is the blood supply to the palatine tonsil
the tonsillar branch of facial (prone to haemorrhage)
what is the blood supply to the upper pharynx
branches of the external carotid artery
what is the blood supply to the lower pharynx
branches of the inferior thyroid branch of thyrocervical from subclavian
what is the venous drainage of the pharynx
pterygoid plexus
facial and internal jugular veins
what is the lymph drainage of the pharynx
retropharyngeal, paratracheal and infrahyoid nodes which drain to the deep cervical nodes
what node does the palatine tonsil drain to
jugulodigastric node which is palpable if inflammed
where does salpingopharynx attach
cartilage of the auditory tube
what is the function of salpingopharynx
elevates the larynx and pharynx and opens the auditory tube during swallowing for pressure equalisation
what nerve supplies salpingopharynx
vagus
what are the pillars of fauces
palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches with the palatine tonsils inbetween
what are tonsils
clusters of lymphocytes around an invagination of epithelium aka a crypt
where is the adenoid tonsil aka pharyngeal
the roof of the nasopharynx
where is the tubal tonsil
at the opening of the auditory tube
where is the vallecula
between the tongue and epiglottis
what is passavant’s ridge
a muscular ring derived from sup constrictor or palatopharyngeus
it provides a socket for the soft palate when it is elevated
supplied by vagus
what are the 3 layers of the pharynx
1 pharyngobasilar fascia,
2 sup and middle constrictors
3 sup, middle and inf constrictors
lower down only the middle and inf constrictors remain
where might there be a dehiscence of Killian
just above the cricopharyngeal sphincter
a pharyngeal diverticulum may occur, particularly in cricopharyngeal uncoordination
what is the function of palatopharyngeus
elevates the pharynx and larynx, draws the soft palate downwards and palatopharynngeal arch towards the midline to help palatoglossus (the pillars of fauces) seperates the oral cavity from the pharynx
where is stylopharyngeus
styloid process to between the middle and superior constrictors and fans into the internal pharyngeal surface
supplied to glossopharyngeal 9
where is salpingopharyngeus
descends into the pharynx from the cartilage of the auditory tube
what is the function of salpingopharyngeus
elevates the pharynx and larynx
opens the auditory tube during swallowing
vagus nerve 10
if a catheter intended for the auditory tube misses and enters the pharyngeal recess what could it hit
internal carotid artery
what artery supplies the palatine tonsil
tonsillar branch of facial which is prone to haemorrhage
what is the blood supply to the upper pharynx
branches of external carotid
what does the mandibular foramen transmit
inferior dental/alveolar neurovascular bundle
what structures cause indentations in the oesophagus
upper oesophageal spincter (cricopharyngeal), arch of aorta, LMB, left atrium and oesophageal hiatus
what type of epithelium lines the oesophagus
non keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
at the Z line it becomes the same as the stomach
where does the lower oesophagus drain to
portal vein
middle is azygous
what is the origin of the inferior constrictor muscle
thyroid cartilage
where is the cricopharyngeal sphincter
lower ending of the pharynx
what is the difference between the styloid and mastoid processes
styloid is anterior and pointier
mastoid is posterior and blunter and larger
