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BIO108 - General Physiology > Review Quiz > Flashcards

Review Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

study of biological functions of organs and their interrelationships

A

physiology

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2
Q

regulatory mechanism in which a change in a controlled variable triggers a response that opposes the change

A

negative feedback

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3
Q

flow of water molecules from the region of higher water potential to lower water potential through a semipermeable membrane

A

Osmosis

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4
Q

Three primary factors influencing impulse transmission

A
  1. axon diameter
  2. myelination
  3. temperature
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5
Q

physiological, biochemical, or anatomic change within an individual animal durings its life that resutls from an animal’s chronic exposure in its native habitat to new, naturally occuring environmental condition

A

acclimatization

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6
Q

receptive surface that brings signals from other neuros toward the cell body

A

dendrites

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7
Q

Four key events in signaling of hormones

A
  1. reception
  2. signal transduction
  3. amplification
  4. response
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8
Q

Father of Modern Physiology

A

Claude Bernard

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9
Q

hydrostatic pressure that puts cell walls in tension

A

turgor pressure

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10
Q
  • secreted by neurons at many synapses
  • diffuse a very short distance
  • bind receptors on target cells
  • play a role in sensation, memory, cognition, and movement
A

neurotransmitters

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11
Q
  • type of intercellular communication where the secreted molecules diffuse into the bloodstream and trigger responses in target cells anywhere in the body
  • relatively slow
A

endocrine signaling

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12
Q
  • chemical signals that travel over short distances by diffusion
  • help regulate blood pressure, nervous system function, and reproduction
A

local regulators

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13
Q

Six major classes of enzymes

A
  1. oxidoreductase
  2. transferase
  3. ligase
  4. lyase
  5. hydrolase
  6. isomerase
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14
Q

Subdisciplines of Physiology

A
  1. comparative physiology
  2. environmental physiology
  3. evolutionary physiology
  4. developmental physiology
  5. cell physiology
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15
Q
  • conducts signals away from the cell
  • carry information for long distances with high fidelity and without loss
A

axon

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16
Q
  • have biochemical, physiological, behavioral, and other mechanisms to regulate their internal environment over a broad range of external environment
  • maintain homeostasis
A

regulators

17
Q
  • have many open K+ channels and fewer open Na+ channels
  • concentration of K+ is greater inside the cell, while concentration of Na+ is greater outside the cell
A

resting potential

18
Q
  • secreted by neurosecretory cells
  • diffuse from nerve cell endings into the bloodstream
A

neurohormones

19
Q

principal intracellular cation

A

K+ / potassium ion

20
Q
  • result of a temporary inactivation of Na+ channels
  • second acton potential cannot be initiated
A

refractory period

21
Q
  • study the structure and function of various parts of animals and plants
  • design experiments
A

physiologist

22
Q

mechanism that enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus so that the activity is accelerated

A

positive feedback mechanism

23
Q
  • unable to maintain homeostasis
  • environmental challenges induce internal body changes that simply parallel the external conditions
A

conformers

24
Q

present at high frequency in the population because it results in a higher probability of survival and reproduction than alternative processes

A

adaptive

25
Q

action potential travels directly from the presynaptic to the postsynaptic cells via gap junctions

A

electrical synapses

26
Q

Three main types of intercellular links

A
  1. tight junctions
  2. adherens junctions
  3. gap junctions
27
Q

he coined the term homeostasis to describe this stable internal environment

A

Walter B. Cannon

28
Q

True or False:
the lower the temperature, the lower the fluidity and permeability of the cell membrane

A

true

29
Q
  • enzyme minus its cofactor
  • cannot function without its cofactor/coenzyme
A

apoenzyme

30
Q

All the different intercellular communication

A
  1. endocrine signaling
  2. neuroendocrine signaling
  3. paracrine signaling
  4. autocrine signaling
  5. neural/synaptic signaling
  6. direct signaling
    (7. juxtacrine signaling
  7. signaling through gap junctions
  8. signaling through plasmodesmata)
31
Q

when the graded potential sum to a __, threshold potential is achieved

A

-55 mV

32
Q
  • electrical potential difference across a cell membrane caused by different concentrations of K+, Na+, and Cl- ions
  • localized electrical gradient
A

membrane potential

33
Q

Five types of protein in a cell membrane that play special functions

A
  1. adhesion proteins
  2. recognition proteins
  3. receptor proteins
  4. enzyme
  5. transport proteins
34
Q

examines organisms in the context of the environments they inhabit (evolutionary adaptations)

A

environmental physiology

BIO108 - General Physiology (9 decks)

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