Group 7 - Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against harmful pathogens like bacteria, viruses, and parasites

A

immune system

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2
Q

system of vessels that carries lymph, a fluid that contains proteins, white blood cells, and other materials, throughout the body

A

lymphatic system

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3
Q

immune system and lymphatic system work hand in hand to protect the body from what?

A

illness and infection

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4
Q

main functions of the lymphatic system

A
  1. fluid balance
  2. lipid absorption
  3. defense
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5
Q
  • by filtering and distributing lymph fluid throughout the body
  • helps to eliminate waste products, toxins, and excess fluid from the tissues
  • ~30L of fluid pass from the blood capillaries into the interstitial fluid each day
  • only 27L pass from interstitial fluid back to capillaries
A

fluid balance

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6
Q

pass from the blood capillaries into the interstitial fluid each day

A

~30L of fluid

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7
Q

pass from the interstitial fluid back into the capillaries

A

27 L

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8
Q
  • Absorbs lipids and other substances from the digestive tract through lymphatic vessels called lacteals located in the lining ofthe small intestine.
  • Lipids enter the lacteals and pass through the lymphatic vessels to the venous circulation.
  • The lymph passing through these lymphatic vessels, called chyle, appears white because of its lipid content.
A

lipid absorption

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9
Q

lymphatic vessels that absorbs lipids and other substances from the digestive tract

A

lacteals

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10
Q

lipid that entered the lacteals and pass through the lymphatic vessels

A

chyle

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11
Q
  • Microorganisms and other foreign substances are filtered from lymph by lymph nodes and from blood by the spleen.
  • Lymphocytes and other cells are capable of destroying microorganisms and other foreign substances.
  • Fights infections, and filters blood and lymph to remove microorganisms.
A

defense

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12
Q
  • Tiny, close – ended vessels consist of simple squamous epithelium, more permeable to blood vessels, fluid moves easily into them
  • Present in most of the body tissues except CNS, bone marrow, tissues lacking blood vessels (such as epidermis and cartilage)
A

lymphatic capillaries

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13
Q
  • have thinner walls than veins (same tunicas asveins)
  • Contain in many valves, giving them a beaded appearance
  • Lymph nodes present at certain intervals
  • Small openings between endothelial cells allow for high permeability to large substances
A

lymphatic vessels

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14
Q

have a beaded appearance because they have one – way valves

A

small lymphatic vessels

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15
Q

have valves to prevent backflow of fluid

A

large lymphatic vessels

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16
Q
  • characterized by housing lymphocytes and other defense cells
  • found within lymphatic organs
A

lymphatic tissue

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17
Q
  • originate in the red bone marrow and is carried by blood to the lymphatic organs
  • divide and increase in number when expose to pathogens (part ofimmune response)
A

lymphocytes

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18
Q

lymphoid organs

A
  1. lymph nodes
  2. tonsils
  3. spleen
  4. thymus gland
  5. red bone marrow
  6. appendix
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19
Q
  • rounded structures varying from small seed to almond
  • Distributed vessels
A

lymph nodes

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20
Q

three superficial aggregation lymph nodes

A
  1. cervical lymph nodes
  2. axillary nodes
  3. inguinal nodes
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21
Q

parts of the lymph nodes

A
  1. capsule
  2. trabeculae
  3. lymphatic nodules
  4. lymphatic sinuses
  5. germinal centers
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22
Q

dense connective tissue surrounding each lymph node

A

Capsule

23
Q

extension of the capsule, subdivide lymph node into compartments containing lymphatic tissue

A

Trabeculae

24
Q

aggregation ofother cells (besides lymphocytes)

A

Lymphatic nodules

25
Q

spaces between the lymphatic tissue that contain macrophages on a network of fibers

A

Lymphatic sinuses

26
Q

contains rapidly dividing lymphocytes

A

Germinal Centers

27
Q
  • Patches of lymphatic tissue located around the pharynx
  • First to encounter pathogens that enter via the nose and mouth
A

tonsils

28
Q

Three groups of tonsils

A
  1. paired palatine tonsils
  2. pharyngeal tonsils
  3. lingual tonsils
29
Q

Located on each side of the posterior opening of the oral cavity these ones are referred to as “thetonsils”

A

Palatine Tonsils

30
Q

Located near the internal opening of the nasal cavity

A

pharyngeal tonsils

31
Q

enlarged pharyngeal tonsils (this can interfere with normal breathing)

A

Adenoid

32
Q

Made up of small bumps on the posterior surface of the tongue’sbase

A

lingual tonsils

33
Q

surgical procedure that involves the removal of palatine tonsils

A

tonsillectomy

34
Q

surgical procedure to remove adenoids the (pharyngeal tonsils)

A

adenoidectomy

35
Q
  • Roughly the size of a clenched fist and islocated in the left superior corner of the abdominal cavity
  • Cleanses blood
  • Found in all vertebrates
  • Mechanical filtration of red blood cells toremove old red blood cells
  • Active immune response through humoral and cell-mediated pathways
A

spleen

36
Q

parts of the spleen

A
  1. trabeculae
  2. white pulp
  3. red pulp
37
Q

from the capsule, divide the spleen into small, interconnected compartments containing two specialized types of lymphatic tissue

A

Trabeculae

38
Q

lymphatic tissue surrounding the arteries within the spleen

A

White Pulp

39
Q

associated with veins, consists of a fibrous network, filled with macrophages and blood cells

A

Red Pulp

40
Q

a surgical procedure in which the spleen is removed from the body

A

Splenectomy

41
Q
  • bilobed gland roughly triangular in shape
  • Located along trachea behind the sternum in upper thoracic cavity
  • Produces thymic hormones
A

Thymus

42
Q

from the capsule, divide each lobe into lobules

A

Trabeculae

43
Q

what matures in the thymus

A

T cells

44
Q

Dark staining area (lymphocytes are numerous)

A

cortex

45
Q

lighter staining, central portion of the lobules (lymphocytes are few)

A

medulla

46
Q
A
47
Q
  • Blind-ended tube connecting to the caecum
  • Regarded as a vestigial organ with no known function in humans
  • Rich in immune cells, including lymphocytes and plasma cells
  • Located near the junction of the small and large intestines
  • Shrunken remnant of the part of the caecum
A

appendix

48
Q

diseases of the lymphatic system

A
  1. lymphadenitis
  2. lymphangitis
  3. lymphadema
  4. mononucleosis
  5. kawasaki disease
49
Q
  • Inflammation of one or more lymph nodes in the body
  • Typically caused by an infection, such as a bacterial or viral infection, that has spread to the lymph nodes
A

lymphadenitis

50
Q
  • Swelling of lymph vessels due to inflammation
  • Caused by strep infections following trauma
  • Characterized by red streak at bacterial entry toarea of lymph node
A

lymphangitis

51
Q
  • A chronic condition characterized by abnormal collection of lymph fluid in extremities
  • Possible caused by surgery, radiation treatments, pregnancy, burns, or trauma
A

lymphedema

52
Q
  • viral infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus
  • Somewhat contagious
  • Often referred to as the “kissing disease”
A

mononucleosis

53
Q
  • Also known as syndrome”“mucocutaneous lymph node
  • Acute febrile disease that is found mostly inchildren
A

kawasaki disease