Respiratory System Flashcards
- these serve to filter, heat, and moisten the air
- surrounded by the paranasal sinuses which produce mucus
nasal cavity
surrounds the nasal cavity and produce mucus that flows into the nasal cavity
paranasal sinuses
3 regions of the pharynx
- nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- laryngopharynx
portion of the pharynx that is posterior to the nasal cavity and extends inferiorly to the uvula
nasopharynx
portion of the pharynx that is posterior to the oral cavity
oropharynx
most inferior portion of the pharynx that extends from the hyoid bone down to the lower margin of the larynx
Laryngopharynx
comprised of a variety of cartilages including the epiglottis which stay open for air flow
larynx
anatomy of the respiratory system
- nasal cavity
- pharynx
- larynx
- trachea
- main bronchi (left and right)
- lobar or secondary bronchi
- segmental or tertiary bronchi
- bronchiole
- process of transferring gases between an organism and its environment
- essential for life, as organisms need to take in oxygen for respiration and release carbon dioxide as a waste product
gas exchange
where does air move in and out
alveolus
where do gases dissolve in the alveoli
moist mucus lining
primary goal og gas exchange in the respiratory system
oxygen uptake
what does the respiratory remove as a waste product of cellular metabolism
carbon dioxide
helps deliver nutrients and oxygen from the lungs to tissues and organs throughout the body
circulatory system
shape and structure of lungs
- conical shape
- spongy texture
air pathways in the lungs
bronchi
end of bronchioles where gas exchange occurs
alveoli
example of how the respiratory and circulatory maintain homeostasis
during exercise
- body requires more oxygen, breathing rate increases, heart pumps faster
Five Common Respiratory Diseases
- asthma
- pneumonia
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- tuberculosis
- lung cancer
- chronic respiratory condition that affects the airways in the lungs
- characterized by airway inflammation, which leads to narrowing and swelling of the airways, and the production of excess mucus
asthma
- infection that causes inflammation of the air sacs in the lungs, which may fill with fluid or pus
- infection can affect one or both lungs and can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi
pneumonia
progressive lung disease that includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
what does chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) include
- emphysema
- chronic bronchitis
the alveoli are damaged, reducing oxygen exchange
emphysema
the lining of bronchial tubes becomes inflamed and produces excessive mucus, leading to a persistent cough and difficulty breathing
chronic bronchitis
- contagious bacterial infection caused by Myobacterium tuberculosis
- primarily affects the lungs, though it can spread to other parts of the body
tuberculosis
- occurs when abnormal cells in the lungs grow uncontrollably and form tumors
- often linked to smoking, but non-smokers can also develop the disease
- can significantly impact the lungs’ ability to provide oxygen to the body
lung cancer
