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Review of General Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Electronegativity

A

Is ability of an atom to attract electrons

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2
Q

Node

A

Locations where the value of the wavefunction is zero

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3
Q

Constitutional Isomers

A

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structre (Different physical properties & different names)

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4
Q

Sigma Bonds

A

Single bonds between atoms

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5
Q

If difference in electronegativity is less than 0.5 then bonds are what?

A

Covalent Bonds

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6
Q

What is the strength of bonds?

A

Single Bond (Weakest) < Double Bond < Triple Bond (Strongest )

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7
Q

SI Unit for dipole moment

A

10-10 esu or D (debye)

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8
Q

Valence Electrons

A

Electrons in the outermost shell (Group number also tell how many valence electrons are there)

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9
Q

Lowest Unoccupied molecuar Oribtial (LUMO)

A

The lowest energy oribital from among the unoccupied oribtials

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10
Q

Molecular Dipole Moment

A

Net dipole moment of a molecule

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11
Q

Valence Bond Theory

A

A bond is simply the sharing of electron density between two atoms as a result of the construction interfernce of the atomic orbital

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12
Q

The ______a molecule the more it experience london dispersion forces

A

Larger

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13
Q

Lone pairs

A

Unpaired electrons

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14
Q

Quantum Mechanic

A

Describes electrons as wavelike properties

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15
Q

Atoms bond in way to achieve the electron configuration of what?

A

Noble gas

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16
Q

Nonpolar compounds are able to dissolve in nonplat solvent because of what?

A

London Dispersion Forces

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17
Q

Hunds Rule

A

On electron is placed in an oribital before electrons are paired up

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18
Q

Octect Rule

A

Explains why certain atoms have certian bonds

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19
Q

Molecular Oribital Theory

A

A bond in terms of the constructive interference between overlapping atomic oribtials but states atomic oribitals combine to produce new oribitals (Molecular Oribitals)

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20
Q

Constructive Interfernce

A

Is when two waves become one & produce a wave with a larger amplitude

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21
Q

Bonding Molecular oribital (MO)

A

The result of constructive interfernce of the original two atomic oritbials (lower energy)

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22
Q

Reaction occur as a result of what?

A

Motion of electrons

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23
Q

Degenerate Oribitals

A

Oribitals with the same energy level

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24
Q

Convalent Bonds

A

Two atoms showing a pair of electrons

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25
Polar compounds are to dissovle in polar solvent due to what?
26
If the difference between electronegativity is greater than 1.7 then bonds are \_\_\_\_\_
Ionic Bonds
27
Compounds with _______ can either attract each other or repel each other depending on their position in space
Net Dipole Moments
28
What is the order of bond length?
Triple Bond (Shortest) \< Double Bond \< Single Bond (Longest)
29
Aufbau Principle
Lowest energy oribital filled first
30
Steric Number
The total number of sigma bonds & lone pairs
31
The steric number indicates the number of _____ that are _____ each other
Electron Pairs, Repelling each other
32
Pauli Exclusion Principle
Each oribital can obitain a maximum of two electrons with opposite spins
33
Molecular Oribtial is associated with an \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Entire molecule
34
Covalent Bonds have a ______ difference in electronegativity & Ionic Bonds have a _____ difference in electronegavity
Small, Large
35
The nucleus of an atom is made up with what?
Protons & neutrons
36
Electrostatic interactions for neutral molecules (no formal charge) are classifed as what?
1. Dipole-Dipole interaction 2. Hydrogen Bonding 3. Fleeting dipole-dipole interactions
37
Highest Occupied molecular oribital (HOMO)
The highest energy oribital from among the occupied oribitals
38
Electrons are lowest in energy when they occupy the _______ oribital
1s (because its closest to the nucleus )
39
Nonpolar compounds are soluble in what?
Nonpolar compounds
40
Induction causes the formation of what?
Partial positive & partial negative charges
41
An atomic oribital is a __________ associated with individual atom
Region of Space
42
The resulting net attraction between molecules results in an increas ein \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Melting point & Boiling point
43
Compounds with higher __________ tend ot have _______ boiling points due to london dispersion-interactions
Higher molecular weight, Higher bioling points
44
Structural Theory
Each element will form a predictable number of bonds, where to name those bon would be: prefix-valent (Ex Carbon is tetravalent because it has four bonds)
45
Dipole Moment Equation
*M* = delta(Charge) x d (distance)
46
Hydrogen Bonds can affect what?
The physical Properties of a substance
47
Hydrogen Bonding
When a hydrogen atom connected to an electronegative atom & becomes partial positive charge
48
If the difference in electronegativity is between 0.5 - 1.7 then bonds are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Polar Covalent Bonds
49
Organic Compounds are center around what atom?
Carbon atoms
50
Dipole Moment (*M*)
Used as an indicator of polarity (It is the amount of partial charge on either side of dipole multiplied by the distance of separation )
51
As you move left on the periodic table electronegativity _________ & as you move upward it \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Increases, Increases
52
Induction
Withdrawl of electron toward more electronegative atom
53
All intermolecuar Forces are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
_Electrostatic_ - Forces that occur as a result of the attraction between opposity charges
54
When atomic oribitals overlap, they cause what two types of interfernce?
1. Constructive 2. Destructive
55
Physical properties of a compound are determined by the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Intermolecular Forces
56
Atomic Oribital (AO)
Is a region of space defined with respect to the nucleus of a single atom (s,p,d, & f orbitals)
57
Formal Charge
Is associated with any atom that doesnt exhibit the appropiate number of valence electrons
58
Constructive Interfernce
Two waves cancel each other out which produces a node
59
London Dispersion Forces
Type of fleeting dipole-dipole interactions
60
An Oribital
Is a region os space that can be occupied by an electron
61
Antibonding Molecular oribital (MO)
The result og destruvtive interfernce (Higher energy level & has a node)
62
Polar Compounds are soluble in what ?

Organic Chemistry (47 decks)

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