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Organic Chemistry > Review of General Chemistry > Flashcards

Review of General Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Electronegativity

A

Is ability of an atom to attract electrons

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2
Q

Node

A

Locations where the value of the wavefunction is zero

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3
Q

Constitutional Isomers

A

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structre (Different physical properties & different names)

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4
Q

Sigma Bonds

A

Single bonds between atoms

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5
Q

If difference in electronegativity is less than 0.5 then bonds are what?

A

Covalent Bonds

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6
Q

What is the strength of bonds?

A

Single Bond (Weakest) < Double Bond < Triple Bond (Strongest )

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7
Q

SI Unit for dipole moment

A

10-10 esu or D (debye)

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8
Q

Valence Electrons

A

Electrons in the outermost shell (Group number also tell how many valence electrons are there)

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9
Q

Lowest Unoccupied molecuar Oribtial (LUMO)

A

The lowest energy oribital from among the unoccupied oribtials

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10
Q

Molecular Dipole Moment

A

Net dipole moment of a molecule

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11
Q

Valence Bond Theory

A

A bond is simply the sharing of electron density between two atoms as a result of the construction interfernce of the atomic orbital

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12
Q

The ______a molecule the more it experience london dispersion forces

A

Larger

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13
Q

Lone pairs

A

Unpaired electrons

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14
Q

Quantum Mechanic

A

Describes electrons as wavelike properties

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15
Q

Atoms bond in way to achieve the electron configuration of what?

A

Noble gas

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16
Q

Nonpolar compounds are able to dissolve in nonplat solvent because of what?

A

London Dispersion Forces

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17
Q

Hunds Rule

A

On electron is placed in an oribital before electrons are paired up

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18
Q

Octect Rule

A

Explains why certain atoms have certian bonds

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19
Q

Molecular Oribital Theory

A

A bond in terms of the constructive interference between overlapping atomic oribtials but states atomic oribitals combine to produce new oribitals (Molecular Oribitals)

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20
Q

Constructive Interfernce

A

Is when two waves become one & produce a wave with a larger amplitude

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21
Q

Bonding Molecular oribital (MO)

A

The result of constructive interfernce of the original two atomic oritbials (lower energy)

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22
Q

Reaction occur as a result of what?

A

Motion of electrons

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23
Q

Degenerate Oribitals

A

Oribitals with the same energy level

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24
Q

Convalent Bonds

A

Two atoms showing a pair of electrons

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25
Q

Polar compounds are to dissovle in polar solvent due to what?

A
26
Q

If the difference between electronegativity is greater than 1.7 then bonds are _____

A

Ionic Bonds

27
Q

Compounds with _______ can either attract each other or repel each other depending on their position in space

A

Net Dipole Moments

28
Q

What is the order of bond length?

A

Triple Bond (Shortest) < Double Bond < Single Bond (Longest)

29
Q

Aufbau Principle

A

Lowest energy oribital filled first

30
Q

Steric Number

A

The total number of sigma bonds & lone pairs

31
Q

The steric number indicates the number of _____ that are _____ each other

A

Electron Pairs, Repelling each other

32
Q

Pauli Exclusion Principle

A

Each oribital can obitain a maximum of two electrons with opposite spins

33
Q

Molecular Oribtial is associated with an ________

A

Entire molecule

34
Q

Covalent Bonds have a ______ difference in electronegativity & Ionic Bonds have a _____ difference in electronegavity

A

Small, Large

35
Q

The nucleus of an atom is made up with what?

A

Protons & neutrons

36
Q

Electrostatic interactions for neutral molecules (no formal charge) are classifed as what?

A
  1. Dipole-Dipole interaction
  2. Hydrogen Bonding
  3. Fleeting dipole-dipole interactions
37
Q

Highest Occupied molecular oribital (HOMO)

A

The highest energy oribital from among the occupied oribitals

38
Q

Electrons are lowest in energy when they occupy the _______ oribital

A

1s (because its closest to the nucleus )

39
Q

Nonpolar compounds are soluble in what?

A

Nonpolar compounds

40
Q

Induction causes the formation of what?

A

Partial positive & partial negative charges

41
Q

An atomic oribital is a __________ associated with individual atom

A

Region of Space

42
Q

The resulting net attraction between molecules results in an increas ein __________

A

Melting point & Boiling point

43
Q

Compounds with higher __________ tend ot have _______ boiling points due to london dispersion-interactions

A

Higher molecular weight, Higher bioling points

44
Q

Structural Theory

A

Each element will form a predictable number of bonds, where to name those bon would be: prefix-valent (Ex Carbon is tetravalent because it has four bonds)

45
Q

Dipole Moment Equation

A

M = delta(Charge) x d (distance)

46
Q

Hydrogen Bonds can affect what?

A

The physical Properties of a substance

47
Q

Hydrogen Bonding

A

When a hydrogen atom connected to an electronegative atom & becomes partial positive charge

48
Q

If the difference in electronegativity is between 0.5 - 1.7 then bonds are _______

A

Polar Covalent Bonds

49
Q

Organic Compounds are center around what atom?

A

Carbon atoms

50
Q

Dipole Moment (M)

A

Used as an indicator of polarity (It is the amount of partial charge on either side of dipole multiplied by the distance of separation )

51
Q

As you move left on the periodic table electronegativity _________ & as you move upward it __________

A

Increases, Increases

52
Q

Induction

A

Withdrawl of electron toward more electronegative atom

53
Q

All intermolecuar Forces are ________

A

Electrostatic - Forces that occur as a result of the attraction between opposity charges

54
Q

When atomic oribitals overlap, they cause what two types of interfernce?

A
  1. Constructive
  2. Destructive
55
Q

Physical properties of a compound are determined by the __________

A

Intermolecular Forces

56
Q

Atomic Oribital (AO)

A

Is a region of space defined with respect to the nucleus of a single atom (s,p,d, & f orbitals)

57
Q

Formal Charge

A

Is associated with any atom that doesnt exhibit the appropiate number of valence electrons

58
Q

Constructive Interfernce

A

Two waves cancel each other out which produces a node

59
Q

London Dispersion Forces

A

Type of fleeting dipole-dipole interactions

60
Q

An Oribital

A

Is a region os space that can be occupied by an electron

61
Q

Antibonding Molecular oribital (MO)

A

The result og destruvtive interfernce (Higher energy level & has a node)

62
Q

Polar Compounds are soluble in what ?

A

Organic Chemistry (47 decks)

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