Aldehyde & Ketone mechanisms

Question 1

What is the mechanism for nucleophilic attack addition under basic conditions?

Answer 1

1. Nucleophilic attack
2. Proton transfer

Question 2

What is the mechanism for nucleophilic addition under acidic conditions?

Answer 2

1. Proton transfer
2. Nucleophilic attack

Question 3

What is the mechanism for base-catalyzed hydration?

Answer 3

1. Nucleophilic attack
2. Proton transfer

Question 4

What is the mechanism for acid catalyzed hydration?

Answer 4

1. Proton transfer
2. Nucleophilic attack
3. Proton transfer

Question 5

What is the mechanism for acetal formation?

Answer 5

1. Proton transfer
2. Nucleophilic attack
3. Proton transfer
4. Proton transfer
5. Loss of LG
6. Nucleophilic attack
7. Proton transfer

Question 6

What is the mechanism for imine formation?

Answer 6

1. Nucleophilic attack
2. Proton transfer
3. Proton transfer
4. Proton transfer
5. Loss of LG
6. Proton transfer

Question 7

What is the mechanism for enamine formation?

Answer 7

1. Nucleophilic attack
2. Proton transfer
3. Proton transfer
4. Proton transfer
5. Loss of LG
6. Proton transfer

Question 8

What is the mechanism for the wolf-Kisher reduction?

Answer 8

1. Proton transfer
2. Proton transfer
3. Proton transfer
4. Loss of LG
5. Proton transfer

Question 9

What is the mechanism for hydrolysis of acetals?

Answer 9

1. Proton transfer
2. Loss of LG
3. Proton transfer
4. Proton transfer
5. Loss of LG
6. Proton transfer

Question 10

What is the mechanism for reduction of ketones or aldehydes with hydride agents?

Answer 10

1. Nucleophilic attack
2. Proton transfer

Question 11

What is the mechanism for cyanohydrin formation?

Answer 11

1. Nucleophilic attack
2. Proton transfer

Question 12

What is the mechanism for the Wittig reaction?

Answer 12

1. [2+2] cycloaddition
2. Fragmentation

Question 13

What is the mechanism for the Baeyer Villiger oxidation?

Answer 13

1. Nucleophilic attack
2. Proton transfer
3. Rearrangment