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Organic Chemistry > Alkanes and cycloalkanes > Flashcards

Alkanes and cycloalkanes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the steps used for naming a compound?

A
  1. First find the longest parent chain
  2. Identify any substitents
  3. Number the parent and assign the substitents the lowest possible number
  4. Name the substituents in alphabetically order
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2
Q

When there is a tie between parent chain (get the same number of carbon for more than one way) then what is used a tie breaker?

A

The direction that gives the most substients

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3
Q

What happens if there is two ways to get the longest parent chain and both way has the same number of substients then how do you break the tie?

A

Go in alphetically order

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4
Q

When naming bicylic compounds where do you start?

A

At a bridgehead

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5
Q

What is the name of this substitent?

A

Sec - Butyl

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6
Q

Why is it named sec - butyl?

A

Because its attatched at the second carbon ( so its a secondary cabron)

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7
Q

What is the systemic name for sec -butyl?

A

1- methylpropyl

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8
Q

What is the name of the longer substient group?

A

Isopropyl

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9
Q

What is the name of the longest substient gorup?

A

Isobutyl

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10
Q

What is the systemic name of isobutyl?

A

2-methlypropyl

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11
Q

What is the name of this substient group?

A

Tert- butyl

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12
Q

Why is it named tert butyl?

A

Because its attached at the third carbon

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13
Q

What is the systemic name of tert butyl?

A

1,1 - dimethylethyl

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14
Q

What is the name of the substient group?

A

Isopentyl

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15
Q

What is the systemic name for isopentyl?

A

3-methylbutyl

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16
Q

What is the name of the substituent group highlighted?

A

Neopentyl

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17
Q

What is the systemic name for neopentyl?

A

2,2-dimethylpropyl

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18
Q

What is the name of the substients group?

A

Vinyl

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19
Q

What is the name of this substient group?

A

Allyl

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20
Q

Bicylic compounds are composed of ________ attatched together

A

Two rings

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21
Q

How do you name bicylic compounds?

A
  1. Start at qa bridgehead
  2. Count from the longest ring to the shortest ring

Format is : bicyclo [ring 1. ring 2. ring 3.] alkane

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22
Q

Bridged compounds are bicylic molecules made up of __________ attached by 2 bridgeheads

A

3 compound rings

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23
Q

If a bicylic compound doesn’t have a bridge then what number would you put for the third ring?

A

Zero (Ex. 5-methylbicylco[2.1.0]pentane)

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24
Q

Conformations

A

Rotation of a single C-C bond that allows a compound to have different sturctures

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25
A newman projection is lowest in energy when its in an \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Staggered Conformation
26
The newman projection is highest in energy when its has a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Eclipsed Conformation
27
What is this conformation called? ![]()
Chair conformation of cyclohexane (experience the least torsional strain)
28
Axial Position
Are parallel to a vertical axis passing through the center of the ring ![]()
29
Equatorial position
Positioned on the sides of the ring ![]()
30
When you do a ring flip if the position is on the axial position then where is its new position on the flipped ring?
Equatorial
31
Larger substituents are more stable on the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Equatorial position
32
Cis refering to cyclohexane means what?
That the two substiuents are on the same side
33
Trans refering to cyclohexane means what?
That the substituents are on the opposite sides
34
What are the four common alkyl halides?
1. Bromo (Bromine) 2. Fluoro (Flourine ) 3. Chloro (Chlorine) 4. Iodo (Iodine)
35
Alkyl halides have ___________ so when numbering still have to give your lowest number to the substituent
No priority
36
Alkenes & Alkynes recieves __________ when numbering so they should get the lowest number possible
Priority (higher priority over substituents & alkyl halides)
37
Alkenes end in _____ & Alkyenes end in \_\_\_\_
ene, yne
38
Alcohol end in \_\_\_\_\_
ol
39
Alcohol recieves highest ___________ over everything so it get the lowest possible number
Priority
40
When naming amines would depend on their \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Degree
41
![]()What is this called? ![]()
Primary amine (NH2) (1st degree)
42
What is this called? ![]() ![]()
Secondary amine (2nd degree)
43
What is this called? ![]()
Tertiary amine (3rd degree)
44
What is this called? ![]()
Quadary amine (4th degree)
45
Primary amines end in ________ & as a substituent its prefix is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
amine, amino
46
If a higher priority functional group is present then amine is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Substituent
47
With secondary & tertiary amine, if different groups are attached the longest alkyl group is the parent and the other alkyl groups are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
N-substituents | (ex. N, N - dimethyl propanamine)
48
Cis
When substituents are on the same sidr
49
Trans
When substituents are on opposite sides
50
Cis & Trans are only used to compare groups on different \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Carbons
51
Cis & Trans is used for comparing _____ substituents
2
52
E & Z is used to compare ____ substitiuents
3 or more
53
when using E & Z have to choose the ______ priority groups on both carbons of the double bond
Highest priority (one with the greatest mass)
54
If the substituent are trans then its \_\_\_\_\_
E
55
If the substituents are cis then its \_\_\_\_
Z
56
When naming compounds the format is what?
Stereisomer-substituent - parent chain- double bond or triple bond - functional group (ex. (z) -2-chloropent-2-en-1-ol)
57
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are the same compound just rotated a bond
Conformers
58
When determing if a stucture is __________ or ________ look at a double bond or any other group that is there and if its the same on the other structure but the structure is different then its a conformer
Conformer, Isomer
59
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is when a double bond or whatever group there is has changed and also its a different sturcture
Isomer
60
When the groups overlap with a dihredral angle is 0 then the conformation is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Eclipsed (Highest in energy)
61
When the dihedral angle is 60 degrees and the groups are adjecent to each other then its conformation is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Gauche (Middle energy)
62
When the dihedral angle is 180 degree and the groups are furthest away from each other then the conformation is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_-
Anti (Most stable)
63
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ conformation are low in energy (most stable)
Staggered
64
What are the 3 types of staggered conformation?
1. Anti 2. Gauche 3. Gauche
65
CH3/CH3 eclipsed has a energy cost of what?
11 kJ/mol
66
CH3/ H eclipsed has an energy cost of what?
6 kJ/mol
67
H/H eclipsed has an energy cost of what?
4 kJ/mol
68
CH3/CH3 guache has an energy cost of what?
3.8 kJ/mol
69
High heat of combustion means high energy which means \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Least stable
70
A low heat of combustion means lower energy which means \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
More stable
71
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ alkanes or alkenes are less stable than ones with a branched (substituent)
Straight chain (No branch (substituent))
72
Angle strain
Occurs when the bonds in the rings are forced out of their ideal angle of 109.5 degrees
73
The __________ the angle strain the higher in energy & less stable (vis versa)
Greater
74
Torisonal strain
Exist when neighboring carbons posses hydrogens that overlap in space (eclipsed)
75
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ conformation of cyclohexane have the lowest heat of combustion (most stable)
Chair conformation

Organic Chemistry (47 decks)

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