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Organic Chemistry > Alkanes and cycloalkanes > Flashcards

Alkanes and cycloalkanes Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the steps used for naming a compound?

A
  1. First find the longest parent chain
  2. Identify any substitents
  3. Number the parent and assign the substitents the lowest possible number
  4. Name the substituents in alphabetically order
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2
Q

When there is a tie between parent chain (get the same number of carbon for more than one way) then what is used a tie breaker?

A

The direction that gives the most substients

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3
Q

What happens if there is two ways to get the longest parent chain and both way has the same number of substients then how do you break the tie?

A

Go in alphetically order

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4
Q

When naming bicylic compounds where do you start?

A

At a bridgehead

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5
Q

What is the name of this substitent?

A

Sec - Butyl

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6
Q

Why is it named sec - butyl?

A

Because its attatched at the second carbon ( so its a secondary cabron)

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7
Q

What is the systemic name for sec -butyl?

A

1- methylpropyl

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8
Q

What is the name of the longer substient group?

A

Isopropyl

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9
Q

What is the name of the longest substient gorup?

A

Isobutyl

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10
Q

What is the systemic name of isobutyl?

A

2-methlypropyl

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11
Q

What is the name of this substient group?

A

Tert- butyl

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12
Q

Why is it named tert butyl?

A

Because its attached at the third carbon

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13
Q

What is the systemic name of tert butyl?

A

1,1 - dimethylethyl

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14
Q

What is the name of the substient group?

A

Isopentyl

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15
Q

What is the systemic name for isopentyl?

A

3-methylbutyl

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16
Q

What is the name of the substituent group highlighted?

A

Neopentyl

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17
Q

What is the systemic name for neopentyl?

A

2,2-dimethylpropyl

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18
Q

What is the name of the substients group?

A

Vinyl

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19
Q

What is the name of this substient group?

A

Allyl

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20
Q

Bicylic compounds are composed of ________ attatched together

A

Two rings

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21
Q

How do you name bicylic compounds?

A
  1. Start at qa bridgehead
  2. Count from the longest ring to the shortest ring

Format is : bicyclo [ring 1. ring 2. ring 3.] alkane

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22
Q

Bridged compounds are bicylic molecules made up of __________ attached by 2 bridgeheads

A

3 compound rings

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23
Q

If a bicylic compound doesn’t have a bridge then what number would you put for the third ring?

A

Zero (Ex. 5-methylbicylco[2.1.0]pentane)

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24
Q

Conformations

A

Rotation of a single C-C bond that allows a compound to have different sturctures

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25
Q

A newman projection is lowest in energy when its in an _____________

A

Staggered Conformation

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26
Q

The newman projection is highest in energy when its has a _____________

A

Eclipsed Conformation

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27
Q

What is this conformation called?

A

Chair conformation of cyclohexane (experience the least torsional strain)

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28
Q

Axial Position

A

Are parallel to a vertical axis passing through the center of the ring

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29
Q

Equatorial position

A

Positioned on the sides of the ring

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30
Q

When you do a ring flip if the position is on the axial position then where is its new position on the flipped ring?

A

Equatorial

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31
Q

Larger substituents are more stable on the ___________

A

Equatorial position

32
Q

Cis refering to cyclohexane means what?

A

That the two substiuents are on the same side

33
Q

Trans refering to cyclohexane means what?

A

That the substituents are on the opposite sides

34
Q

What are the four common alkyl halides?

A
  1. Bromo (Bromine)
  2. Fluoro (Flourine )
  3. Chloro (Chlorine)
  4. Iodo (Iodine)
35
Q

Alkyl halides have ___________ so when numbering still have to give your lowest number to the substituent

A

No priority

36
Q

Alkenes & Alkynes recieves __________ when numbering so they should get the lowest number possible

A

Priority (higher priority over substituents & alkyl halides)

37
Q

Alkenes end in _____ & Alkyenes end in ____

A

ene, yne

38
Q

Alcohol end in _____

A

ol

39
Q

Alcohol recieves highest ___________ over everything so it get the lowest possible number

A

Priority

40
Q

When naming amines would depend on their _________

A

Degree

41
Q

What is this called?

A

Primary amine (NH2) (1st degree)

42
Q

What is this called?

A

Secondary amine (2nd degree)

43
Q

What is this called?

A

Tertiary amine (3rd degree)

44
Q

What is this called?

A

Quadary amine (4th degree)

45
Q

Primary amines end in ________ & as a substituent its prefix is ________

A

amine, amino

46
Q

If a higher priority functional group is present then amine is the ___________

A

Substituent

47
Q

With secondary & tertiary amine, if different groups are attached the longest alkyl group is the parent and the other alkyl groups are _____________

A

N-substituents

(ex. N, N - dimethyl propanamine)

48
Q

Cis

A

When substituents are on the same sidr

49
Q

Trans

A

When substituents are on opposite sides

50
Q

Cis & Trans are only used to compare groups on different ________

A

Carbons

51
Q

Cis & Trans is used for comparing _____ substituents

A

2

52
Q

E & Z is used to compare ____ substitiuents

A

3 or more

53
Q

when using E & Z have to choose the ______ priority groups on both carbons of the double bond

A

Highest priority (one with the greatest mass)

54
Q

If the substituent are trans then its _____

A

E

55
Q

If the substituents are cis then its ____

A

Z

56
Q

When naming compounds the format is what?

A

Stereisomer-substituent - parent chain- double bond or triple bond - functional group

(ex. (z) -2-chloropent-2-en-1-ol)

57
Q

__________ are the same compound just rotated a bond

A

Conformers

58
Q

When determing if a stucture is __________ or ________ look at a double bond or any other group that is there and if its the same on the other structure but the structure is different then its a conformer

A

Conformer, Isomer

59
Q

_________ is when a double bond or whatever group there is has changed and also its a different sturcture

A

Isomer

60
Q

When the groups overlap with a dihredral angle is 0 then the conformation is ___________

A

Eclipsed (Highest in energy)

61
Q

When the dihedral angle is 60 degrees and the groups are adjecent to each other then its conformation is called _________

A

Gauche (Middle energy)

62
Q

When the dihedral angle is 180 degree and the groups are furthest away from each other then the conformation is called _________-

A

Anti (Most stable)

63
Q

____________ conformation are low in energy (most stable)

A

Staggered

64
Q

What are the 3 types of staggered conformation?

A
  1. Anti
  2. Gauche
  3. Gauche
65
Q

CH3/CH3 eclipsed has a energy cost of what?

A

11 kJ/mol

66
Q

CH3/ H eclipsed has an energy cost of what?

A

6 kJ/mol

67
Q

H/H eclipsed has an energy cost of what?

A

4 kJ/mol

68
Q

CH3/CH3 guache has an energy cost of what?

A

3.8 kJ/mol

69
Q

High heat of combustion means high energy which means ___________

A

Least stable

70
Q

A low heat of combustion means lower energy which means __________

A

More stable

71
Q

___________ alkanes or alkenes are less stable than ones with a branched (substituent)

A

Straight chain (No branch (substituent))

72
Q

Angle strain

A

Occurs when the bonds in the rings are forced out of their ideal angle of 109.5 degrees

73
Q

The __________ the angle strain the higher in energy & less stable (vis versa)

A

Greater

74
Q

Torisonal strain

A

Exist when neighboring carbons posses hydrogens that overlap in space (eclipsed)

75
Q

___________ conformation of cyclohexane have the lowest heat of combustion (most stable)

A

Chair conformation

Organic Chemistry (47 decks)

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