Carbohydrates (part of the aldehyde & ketone test)

Question 1

Monosaccharides

Answer 1

Are simple sugars

Question 2

What are the two types of simple sugar?

Answer 2

1. Glucose
2. Fructose

Question 3

Glucose is what type of sugar?

Answer 3

Aldose (contains an aldehyde)

Question 4

Fructose is what type of sugar?

Answer 4

Ketose (contains a ketone)

Question 5

What are the two classifications of sugars (monosaccharides)?

Answer 5

1. Aldoses
2. Ketose

Question 6

The suffix ______ use to identify a carbohydrate

Answer 6

“ose” (ex. glucose)

Question 7

Aldoses contain what?

Answer 7

Aldehyde

Question 8

Ketose contains what?

Answer 8

Ketones

Question 9

Aldoses & ketose can be further classified based on the # of ________ they have using tri, tetr, pent, hex, etc

Answer 9

Carbon atoms (ex. an aldopentose) (glucose)

Question 10

What are the 3 descriptions used to identify carbohydrates?

Answer 10

1. Aldo or keto prefix- to indicate if the compound has aldehyde or ketone
2. Tri, tetr, pent, hex, ect to indicate # of carbon
3. “ose’ suffix to indicate it’s a carbohydrate

Question 11

Carbohydrates a _________ when the last carbon in the fischer projection has the OH on the right

Answer 11

D- sugar (ex. D-glucose) (D usually stand for dextrorotatory)

Question 12

Carbohydrates are ________ when the last carbon in the fischer projection has the OH on the left side

Answer 12

L-sugar (ex. L-glucose) (L usually stands for levorotatory)

Question 13

L-sugars are ______ of D- sugars

Answer 13

Enantiomers

Question 14

When an aldehyde or ketone reacts with 1 equivalent of alcohol it forms an __________

Answer 14

Hemiacetal (equilibrium doesn’t favor the unstable hemiacetal)

Question 15

Whenever a carbonyl group & a hydroxyl group is present a in a compound then a stable ______ is formed

Answer 15

Cyclic hemiacetal (equilibrium favors the formation of the cyclic acetal (product))

Question 16

Glucose can exist in a open or close ring form where in its closed cyclic form the ring is called a _________

Answer 16

Pyranose ring

Question 17

Glucose (d-glucose) exicst mostly in its cyclic hemiacetal form which is called ____________

Answer 17

D- glucopyranose

Question 18

The C1 position (the carbon attach to the carbonyl group) is called __________

Answer 18

Anomeric carbon

Question 19

The stereoisomers of the pyranose ring is called __________

Answer 19

Anomers

Question 20

The two anomers can be classified as _______ or _______

Answer 20

Alpha-anomer & beta anomer (the two anomer of D-glucopyranose is alpha- D-glucopyranose & beta-D-glucopyranose)

Question 21

In the alpha -anomer the hydroxyl group at the anomeric position is _____ to the CH2OH group

Answer 21

Trans

Question 22

In the beta anomer the hydroxyl group is _____ to the CH2OH group

Answer 22

Cis

Question 23

A cyclic form of D-glucose will spend most of its time in a ___________ conformation

Answer 23

Chair conformation

Question 24

Have to have the oxygen atom in the ______ right whether its in the Haworth or chair conformation

Answer 24

Upper right

Question 25

In the chair conformation all substituents are on the _______ position

Answer 25

Equatorial

Question 26

Hydroxy aldehydes can form ________ cyclic hemiacetals as well

Answer 26

Five-membered

Question 27

Furanose

Answer 27

Is a 5-member ring that carbohydrates can form with oxygen atom in the ring (its a reaction between carbonyl group & hydroxyl at C5)

Question 28

D-fructose can also be cyclized to give a pyranose (6 member ring) which results from a reaction between carbonyl group & hydroxyl at ____

Answer 28

C6