Carboxylic Acids & their derivatives

Question 1

_______________ is a derivative of acetic acid & is therefore a carboxylic acid derivative

Answer 1

Vinyl Acetate

Question 2

Monocarboxylic acids

Answer 2

Are compounds containing one carboxylic acid group & they end in “oic acid”

Question 3

The longest parent chain must have the __________ so it should have the lowest number

Answer 3

Carboxylic acid

Question 4

When a carboxylic group is connected to a ring the compound ends in ______________

Answer 4

“Carboxylic acid” (ex. Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid)

Question 5

What is the name of this common carboxylic acid?

Answer 5

Formic acid

Question 6

What is the name of this common carboxylic acid?

Answer 6

Acetic acid

Question 7

What is the name of this common carboxylic acid?

Answer 7

Propionic acid

Question 8

What is the name of this common carboxylic acid?

Answer 8

Butyric acid

Question 9

What is the name of this common carboxylic acid?

Answer 9

Benzoic acid

Question 10

Diacids

Answer 10

Compounds that contain two carboxylic acids & end with “dioic acid” (ex. pentanadioic acid)

Question 11

What is the name of this common diacid?

Answer 11

Oxalic acid

Question 12

What is the name of this common diacid?

Answer 12

Malonic acid

Question 13

What is the name of this common diacid?

Answer 13

Succinic acid

Question 14

What is the name of this common diacid?

Answer 14

Glutaric acid

Question 15

The carbon atom of a carboxylic acid group is ____ hybridized & has a trigonal planar geometry & 120-degree angles

Answer 15

Sp²

Question 16

Carboxylic acid forms two _________ bonds interaction which allows it to have a high boiling point

Answer 16

Hydrogen bonds

Question 17

Treating a carboxylic acid with a strong base (like NaOH) forms a _____________

Answer 17

Carboxylate salt

Question 18

The pKa of most carboxylic acids is around what?

Answer 18

4-5

Question 19

When an electron withdrawing group (induction) is on the _____ position (position closest to the carboxylic acid) then the induction effect is very effective but the further away it is the less effective the induction effect is & decrease the pKa

Answer 19

Alpha

Question 20

What is the pKa when benzoic acid has a NO₂ attached?

Answer 20

3.4

Question 21

What is the pKa when benzoic acid has a CHO attached?

Answer 21

3.8

Question 22

What is the pKa when benzoic acid has a Cl attached?

Answer 22

4

Question 23

What is the pKa when benzoic acid has a H attached?

Answer 23

4.2

Question 24

What is the pKa when benzoic acid has a CH₃ attached?

Answer 24

4.3

Question 25

What is the pKa when benzoic acid has a OH attached?

Answer 25

4.5

Question 26

From other lesson what are the few ways to form a carboxylic acid? (Review)

Answer 26

1. Oxidative cleavage of alkynes 2. Oxidation of primary alcohols 3. Oxidation of alkyl benzenes

Question 27

When treated with aqueous acid a nitrile (compound with a cyano group) can be converted into __________ through hydrolysis

Answer 27

Carboxylic acid

Question 28

An alkyl halide can be converted into a __________ through CN(SN2) & H₃O⁺

Answer 28

Carboxylic acid

Question 29

Carboxylic acid can also be prepared by treating a Grignard reagent with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 29

Carbon dioxide & H₃O⁺

Question 30

An alkyl halide (or vinyl or aryl) halide can be converted into ____________ with a Grignard reagent & carbon dioxide

Answer 30

Carboxylic acid

Question 31

Carboxylic acids are reduced to form _________ when treated with LAH

Answer 31

Alcohol

Question 32

Can also reduce carboxylic acid into alcohol with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 32

BH₃ \* THF

Question 33

What are the 4 common types of carboxylic acid derivates?

Answer 33

1. Acid halide 2. Acid anhydride 3. Ester 4. Amide

Question 34

What type of carboxylic acid derivate is this?

Answer 34

Acid halide

Question 35

What type of carboxylic acid derivate is this?

Answer 35

Amide

Question 36

What type of carboxylic acid derivate is this?

Answer 36

Acid anhydride

Question 37

What type of carboxylic acid derivate is this?

Answer 37

Ester

Question 38

Any compound with a carbon atom that has 3 bonds by a ___________ are carboxylic acid derivatives

Answer 38

Heteroatom (such as Cl, O, & N)

Question 39

Acid halides ends in \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 39

“yl halide" (ex. Acetyl bromide)

Question 40

When an acid halide is connected to a ring then it ends in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 40

“carbonyl halide” (ex. Cylcohexanecarbonyl chloride)

Question 41

Acid anhydrides ends in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 41

“Anhydride” (ex. Acetic Anhydride)

Question 42

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are made from 2 different carboxylic acids so its name includes both acids alphabetically & end in “anhydride”

Answer 42

Unsymmetrical Anhydride (ex. Acetic benzoic anhydride)

Question 43

Esters are named by indicating the alkyl group attached to the oxygen atom & end in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 43

“ate” (ex. Ethyl acetate)

Question 44

When ester group is attached to a ring it ends in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 44

"Carboxylate" (ex. Methyl cylcohexanecarboxylate)

Question 45

Amides ends in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 45

“amide” (ex. acetamide)

Question 46

When an amide group is connected to a ring it ends in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 46

“carboxamide” (ex. Cyclohexanecarboxamide)

Question 47

When a nitrogen atom has an alkyl group the groups are indicated with the letter \_\_\_\_

Answer 47

N (ex. N-methyl acetamide)

Question 48

Nitriles ends in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 48

“onitrile” (ex. acetonitrile)

Question 49

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are most reactive because it's the most electrophilic since it has induction & resonance

Answer 49

Acid halides

Question 50

Nucleophilic acyl substitution

Answer 50

Is when a nucleophile replaces the leaving group on a carboxylic acid derivate