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Organic Chemistry > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Genetics

A

Study of heredity & deals genetic variation

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2
Q

At the molecular level a gene is a ___________ of DNA that contains the genetic information to produce a functional product

A

Segment

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3
Q

The functional product of most genes is a ____________

A

Protein

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4
Q

Polypepetide

A

A linear sequence of amino acids that forms proteins

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5
Q

Genes are describe by the way they affect a _______

A

Trait

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6
Q

What is a trait ?

A

Its the characterisic of an organism (Ex. Eye Color)

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7
Q

What are the four types of macromolecules

A
  1. Nucleic Acids (DNA & RNA)
  2. Proteins
  3. Carbohydrates
  4. Lipids
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8
Q

Organelle

A

A membran bound compartment with specialized function

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9
Q

Proteins are the ___________ of all living cells

A

Work horses

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10
Q

Why are proteins considered the work horses of the cell?

A

Because they have many functions

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11
Q

What are some function of proteins?

A
  1. Can help determine the shape & structure of a cell
  2. Proteins also help transport ion & small molecules across of the membrane
  3. Can function as biological motors
  4. Can do cell signaling
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12
Q

_______ stores the information needed for protein synthesis

A

DNA

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13
Q

DNA ability to store information is based on its __________

A

Structure

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14
Q

The ______________ contains information to direct the order of amino acids with polypepetides

A

Nucleotide sequence in mRNA

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15
Q

DNA is found within __________

A

Chromsomes

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16
Q

The information in DNA is accessed during the process of ______________

A

Gene Expression

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17
Q

Gene Expression

A

Using a gene sequence to give the characterisitics of cells

18
Q

At the molecular level how does gene expression occur?

A
  1. Transcription
  2. Translation
19
Q

Transcription

A

The DNA sequence within a gene is copied into an messenger RNA (mRNA)

20
Q

Translation

A

The messenger RNA (mRNA) nucleotide sequence is used to produce the amino acid sequence in a polypeptide

21
Q

The way a _____________ functions in a cell determines the type of traits it’s have

A

Protein

22
Q

What are the 3 categories of traits?

A
  1. Morphological Traits
  2. Physiological Traits
  3. Behavorial Traits
23
Q

Morphological Traits

A

Affect the appearance, form, & structure of an organism (Ex. Color of a flower & its height)

24
Q

Physiological Traits

A

Affect the ability if an organism to function (Ex. Metabolism)

25
Q

Behavorial Traits

A

Affect the ways an organism responds to something in its environment (Ex. The way someone reacts to a situtation)

26
Q

The _______________ of genes leads to an organism’s trait

A

Molecular Expression

27
Q

___________ are expressed at the molecular level where gene transcription & translation leads to the production of a particular protein where the function of that protein in a cell affects the structure & function of the cell

A

Genes

28
Q

The organism traits are determined by the characteristics of its __________

A

Cell, which comes from the genes & the proteins it makes

29
Q

Alleles

A

Different forms of the same gene

30
Q

Genetic Variation

A

Difference in traits among members of the same species

31
Q

Gene Mutation

A

Changes in the genetic material & results in genetic variation

32
Q

Gene Mutations can be cause by changes in the chromsomes structure such as ________, _________, __________, & __________

A

Inversions, Deletions, Translations, & Duplications

33
Q

_____________ is also caused by the change in the total number of chromosomes

A

Gene Mutations

34
Q

___________ are affected by genes & its environment

A

Traits

35
Q

Norm of reaction

A

Refers to the effect of environmental variation on an individual’s trait

36
Q

During __________ genes are passed from parent to offspring

A

Reproduction

37
Q

Diploid

A

Sexually reproducing cell that contains both copies of the dad chromsomes & mom chromsomes

38
Q

The copies of chromsomes in the diploid cell is called ___________

A

Homologs

39
Q

Gametes (Type of Somatic cell)

A

Are the sperm & egg cells that contains half the number of chromosomes (called haploid)

40
Q

When haploid cells combine they form ___________

A

Diploid cells

41
Q

The advantage of sexual reproduction is what?

A

That it increases genetic variation

Organic Chemistry (47 decks)

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