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Organic Chemistry > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Genetics

A

Study of heredity & deals genetic variation

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2
Q

At the molecular level a gene is a ___________ of DNA that contains the genetic information to produce a functional product

A

Segment

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3
Q

The functional product of most genes is a ____________

A

Protein

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4
Q

Polypepetide

A

A linear sequence of amino acids that forms proteins

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5
Q

Genes are describe by the way they affect a _______

A

Trait

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6
Q

What is a trait ?

A

Its the characterisic of an organism (Ex. Eye Color)

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7
Q

What are the four types of macromolecules

A
  1. Nucleic Acids (DNA & RNA)
  2. Proteins
  3. Carbohydrates
  4. Lipids
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8
Q

Organelle

A

A membran bound compartment with specialized function

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9
Q

Proteins are the ___________ of all living cells

A

Work horses

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10
Q

Why are proteins considered the work horses of the cell?

A

Because they have many functions

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11
Q

What are some function of proteins?

A
  1. Can help determine the shape & structure of a cell
  2. Proteins also help transport ion & small molecules across of the membrane
  3. Can function as biological motors
  4. Can do cell signaling
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12
Q

_______ stores the information needed for protein synthesis

A

DNA

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13
Q

DNA ability to store information is based on its __________

A

Structure

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14
Q

The ______________ contains information to direct the order of amino acids with polypepetides

A

Nucleotide sequence in mRNA

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15
Q

DNA is found within __________

A

Chromsomes

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16
Q

The information in DNA is accessed during the process of ______________

A

Gene Expression

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17
Q

Gene Expression

A

Using a gene sequence to give the characterisitics of cells

18
Q

At the molecular level how does gene expression occur?

A
  1. Transcription
  2. Translation
19
Q

Transcription

A

The DNA sequence within a gene is copied into an messenger RNA (mRNA)

20
Q

Translation

A

The messenger RNA (mRNA) nucleotide sequence is used to produce the amino acid sequence in a polypeptide

21
Q

The way a _____________ functions in a cell determines the type of traits it’s have

22
Q

What are the 3 categories of traits?

A
  1. Morphological Traits
  2. Physiological Traits
  3. Behavorial Traits
23
Q

Morphological Traits

A

Affect the appearance, form, & structure of an organism (Ex. Color of a flower & its height)

24
Q

Physiological Traits

A

Affect the ability if an organism to function (Ex. Metabolism)

25
Behavorial Traits
Affect the ways an organism responds to something in its environment (Ex. The way someone reacts to a situtation)
26
The _______________ of genes leads to an organism's trait
Molecular Expression
27
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are expressed at the molecular level where gene transcription & translation leads to the production of a particular protein where the function of that protein in a cell affects the structure & function of the cell
Genes
28
The organism traits are determined by the characteristics of its \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Cell, which comes from the genes & the proteins it makes
29
Alleles
Different forms of the same gene
30
Genetic Variation
Difference in traits among members of the same species
31
Gene Mutation
Changes in the genetic material & results in genetic variation
32
Gene Mutations can be cause by changes in the chromsomes structure such as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, & \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Inversions, Deletions, Translations, & Duplications
33
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is also caused by the change in the total number of chromosomes
Gene Mutations
34
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are affected by genes & its environment
Traits
35
Norm of reaction
Refers to the effect of environmental variation on an individual's trait
36
During __________ genes are passed from parent to offspring
Reproduction
37
Diploid
Sexually reproducing cell that contains both copies of the dad chromsomes & mom chromsomes
38
The copies of chromsomes in the diploid cell is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Homologs
39
Gametes (Type of Somatic cell)
Are the sperm & egg cells that contains half the number of chromosomes (called haploid)
40
When haploid cells combine they form \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Diploid cells
41
The advantage of sexual reproduction is what?
That it increases genetic variation

Organic Chemistry (47 decks)

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