Review for Prelims Exam Flashcards
Uses fingertips (rough/smooth)
Texture
use back of hand (warm, hot, and cold)
Temperature
Joint position size,m consistenct, and mobility
Crepitation and vibration
urinary bladder
Distention
Solid fluid and air filled
Consistency of Structure
fint descriminations, pulses, texture, size, and consistency, shpae, and crepitu
Fingerpads
vibrations, thrills, and fremitus
Ulnar/palmar
temeprature
Dorsal
very little / no depression (<1cm)
circular motion
uses, pulse and tenderness
Light palpation
depressed the skinsurface -2cm (0.5-0.75 inces)
feel for palpable body organ and masses
note the size and consistency and mobility of structure
Moderate palpation
2-2.5cm (1 and 2 inch), uterus, breast, and spleen, use one hand to apply pressure and the other hand to feel pressure
size consistency and mobility of structure
Deep palpation
`place dominant hand on the skin surface and non dominant hand on top of the dominant hand to apply pressure
surface depression 2.5cm-5cm (12.2 inch)
-feel deep organs / structure
Bimanual palpation
striking thte bost directly w/one /two fingertips ex tenderness over the sinuses
Direct
most commonly used, striking of an obj held against the body, striking body surface to elicit sounds, cibrations, ex solid tissue - soft tune
fluid- louder tone
air - produced more louder tone
indirect
placing one hand flat on the surface and using the fist of the other hand to strike the back of the hand flat on the body surface
used to detect tenderness over organs (kidneys)
Blunt
A hollow sound
resonance
a booming sound
Hyperresonance
Tympany
DRUM sound by the stomach
Dullness
THUD sound - liver and enlarged spleen or a full bladder
Flatness
EXTREMELY DULL such as muscle and bone
Intensity
REfers to LOUDNESS and SOFTNESS of sound
Pitch
Number of vibrations per sec Frequency
duration
- Length long or short
Quality
subjective description of a sound (whistling, gurgling, or snapping)
use of unaided ear
direct wheezing sound and grating of moving joint
use of unaided ear
direct wheezing sound and grating of moving jointi
indirect
use of stethoscope
high pitched sounds hear lungs and abdomen
Diaphragm
low pitches sounds and blood vessels
Bell
swish sound
Bruit
sound of hose
thrill
sound changes in the ________
abdomen
longer the tube
more sound has to travel
if using bell
less pressure
warm in your hands first
listen concentrate on the sounds
how was general health been?
any colds in past year?
accients?
use of cigarettesm alcohol, and drugs?
health Perception and Health Management
describes food and fluid consumption relative to metabolic need and patter indicators
supplements
daily fluid intake
weight loss or gain
appetitieq
Nutritional
bowel elimination pattern
frequency
urniary elimination
excessive persperiation
Elimination
exercise pattern
type regularity?
Activity
desribes patter of sleep rest and relacation
sleep onset problems?
Sleep-rest pattern
ability of the individual to understand and follow
hearing difficulty hearing aid
vision
wear glasses?
change in memory lately?
cognitive and perceptual pattern
client’s self worth
how describe self most of the feel good about self?
changes in way you feel about self/body
Self -perception
Roles relationship pattern
do you live alone? family? family structure?
family oor others depend on you for things
Roles-Relationship Pattern
when appropraite to age and situations - sexual relationships satisficing? changes? problems?
use of contraceptives’? problems?
Sexuality-reproduction system
any big changes in your life in the tlast year
who’s most helpful in talking thing over available to you now?>
tense or relaxed?
medicines drugs alcohol?
Coping-stress tolerance pattern
patters of values, beliefs (including spiritual_ and goals that guides the clients choices and decisions
Values-Beliefs patern
the core temperature must be between _____ and ____
36.5C and 37.7C
high metabolic rate is
high in vital signs
Strenuous Exercise, Stress, Ovulation
Increase in Temperature
below 36.5C or 90.0F seen in prolonged exposure to cold, hypoglycemia, hypothyroidism, or starvation
Hypothermia
See in viral or bacterial indections, malignancies trauma, immune disorders above 38.0C or 100F
Hyperthermia
a shockwave is produced when the heart contracts and forcefully pumps blood out of the ventricles into the aorta
Pulse
Number of pulse beat per miute
Rate
how many beats per minute normal adult
60-100bpm
Taachycardia
> 100bpm
Bradycardia
<60bpm
refers to the evenness of the beat
Rhytym
regular
evenly spaced beats
ireglar/irregularly regular
regular patern overall w/ skipped beats
irregularly irregular
Chaotic withno discernable pattern
Determined by the amount of blood forced into the artery by the hearbeat
volume
0
absent
1+
palpable, but thready
2+
palpable, but thready
1+
palpable, but threadynormal and identified
3+
increased, moderate
4+
full, bounding, cannot obliterate
normal respiration for adults is
12-20bpm
normal or labored
DOB
count breaths in _ minute
1
6 months
30-60bpm
6-12 months
24-30bpm
1-5 years
20-30bpm
6-12 yeasrs
12-20bpm
12 years and above
12-20bpm
reflects the pressure exerted on the walls of arteries
Blood Pressure
difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
Pulse Pressure
Normal
> 120 and >80
Elevated
120-129 >80
HBP HS 1
130-139 80-89
Hypertensive Stage 2
> 140, >90
Hypertensive stage 3
> 180, >120
Decreased height and delayed puberty with chubbiness’
Hypopituary Dwarfism
Skeletal malformation w/ decrease in height
Achonroplastic dwarfism
Overgrow of bones in the face head hands and feet with normal height
Hyperpituary Acromegaly
Extreme weight loss
anorexia nervosa
arm span is greater then height in pubis to sole measuyrement exceeds pubis to crown measruement
marfan syndrome
exessive fan evenly distrubuted
exogenous obesity
central body weight buffalo hump
endogenous obesity
place probley very gently at the opening ear canal for 2-3 seconds untilk the temp appears digital display and normal findings
Tympanic membrane 36.7 - 38.3
place the thermometer under the client’s tongue to the right or left frenulum deep in the posterior sublingual pocket and normal findings
oral temperature 35.9 - 37.5
hold the glass or electronic thermometer under the axilla firmly by having the client hold the arms down and accross the chest for 10 mins
axillary temperature
place the thermo over the client’s forehead and while pressing the scan button gently stroke the thermo across the client’s forehead over the temporal artery to a point directly behind the ear normal findings - 6 seconds - 36.3 - 37.9
Temporal Arterial temp
hold a glass thermo in place for 3 mins, use this route when only if other routes are not practical, normal findings: 36.3 - 37.9
Rectal temp
radial pulse normal rate
60-100bpm
perform _____ of the apical pulse if the client exhibits aby abnormal findings
cardiac auscultation
normal RR
between 12-20bpm
SBP
<120mmHG
DBP
<80mmHG
ssure difference of ___ between arms is normal
10mmHG
Arterioschleorosis
thickening
aetherosclerosis
narrowing
normal findinfs of orthostatic hypotension
a drop of <20mmHG from recoredded sitting position is normal
Pulse pressure is
30-50mmHG
body weight is within ____ of ideal range
10%
severe malnutrition
70-80%
overwieght
> 10%
obesity
> 20%
BMI <18.50
underweight
18.50-24.99
Normal Range
> 25.00
Overweight
25-00-29.99
Pre-obese
> 30
obese
waist circumferece female NF
<35inches(88cm)
waist circumferece male NF
<40 inches (102cm)
waist to hip ration male NF
<0.9
waist to hip ratio female NF
<.80
mid arm circum standard male
29.3
mid arm circum standard female
28..5
mid arm circum standard male moderately malnourished
26.3
mid arm circum standard female moderately malnourished
25.7
mid arm circum standard male severelymalnourished
17.6
mid arm circum standard female severely malnourished
17.1
venous filling flat
dehydrated
venous filling bumpy
cardiovascular problem
loud or harsh sounds lung sounds
decreased pleural fluid
friction rubs
crackles
awake or readily aroused oriented full aware of external and internal stimuli, respond appropriately conducts meaningful interpersonal interactions
Alert
not fully alert drist off to sleep when not stimulated can be aroused but looks frowsy response appropriately to questions or commands
slow and fuzzy
inattentive
loses train of thought
spontaneous movement decresead
lethargy
transitional state between lethargy and stupor
sleeps most of the timeq
Obtunded
spontaneously unconcious
respons only to vigorous shake/pain
has appropriate motor response
Stupor
completely unconsious makes no response to pain
Coma
Lowest possible score for GCS
3 - Coma
Highest possible score for GCS
15 - Alert
15
Alert
13-14
Lethargy / Somnolence
9-12
Obtundation / Stupor
3-8
Coma
most superficial layers of the skin
stratified squamous cell epithelium divided intro strata
Epidermis
a layer of dense connective tissue
collagen and elastic fibers provide structual strength
dermis
most superficial stratum dead squamous cells filled with kertain
Stratum Corneum
deepest stratum
cuboidal or columbar cell
mitotic division every 19 days
stratum Basale
trransformation of stratum basale cells into stratum corneum cells
keratinization
prodution is determiend genetically but can be modified by exposure to ulraviolet light by hormones
yellow brown or black pigments
Melanin
a plant pigment ingested as a source of VIT A can cause the skin to appear yellowish
orange-yellow pigment form some vegetables
Carotene
_______ is the yellow color seen in the skin of many newborns. Jaundice happens when a chemical called bilirubin builds up in the baby’s blood. During pregnancy, the mother’s liver removes bilirubin for the baby, but after birth the baby’s liver must remove the bilirubin.
Jaundice
People whose blood is low in oxygen tend to have a bluish color to their skin. This condition is called
cyanosis
sweat glands produce a sweat, which cool,s the body
Eccrine
sweat glands produce an oprganic secretion that causes body odor when broken down by bacteria
Apocrine
Head and 2 subsections
Cranium and Face
_ cranial bones
8
_ facial bones
14
