Female Genitalia Flashcards
the fat pad located over
the symphysis pubis. The normal adult
mons pubis is covered with pubic hair in
a triangular pattern.
● Mons pubis
are two folds of skin that
extend posteriorly and inferiorly from
the mons pubis to the perineum
Labia majora
are thinner skin folds
inside labia majora.
● Labia minora
○ The skin folds of labia majora and
labia minora form a boat-shaped
area (or fossa) called .
Vestibule
- located at the anterior
end of labia minora, it is a small
cylindrical mass of erectile tissue
and nerves with three parts: The
glans, the corpus, and the crura.
○ Clitoris
The ____ is the visible
rounded portion of the
clitoris.
Glans
The _____ is the body
corpus
The _____ are two
bands of fibrous tissue
that attach the clitoris to
the pelvic bone
CRURA
is located
between the clitoris and the
vaginal orifice
Urethral meatus
The openings of
are located on either side of the
urethral opening and are usually
not visible.
Skene’s glands
is located below
the urethral meatus
Vaginal orifice
is a fold of membranous
tissue that covers part of the
vagina.
○ Hymen
On either side of and slightly
posterior of the vaginal orifice are the openings to secretes
mucus, which lubricates
the area during sexual
intercourse.
■ These small glands, which
are not visible to the
naked eye, are often
referred to as the greater
vestibular glands
Bartholin’s
glands
- is a muscular, tubular organ,
extends up and slightly back toward the
rectum from the vaginal orifice to the
cervix.
Vagina
Normal vaginal environment is
acidic-pH of 3.8 – 4.2
and the bacilli
act on glycogen to produce lactic
acid.
○ Acidic environment helps to
prevent vaginal infection.
Doderlein bacilli,
(neck of the uterus separates
the upper and of the vagina from the
isthmus of the uterus).
○ The junction of the isthmus and
the cervix forms the internal os,
○ The junction of the cervix and the
vagina forms the external os or
ectocervix.
Cervix
To allow the entrance of
sperm into the uterus
ii. To allow the passage of
menstrual flow
iii. Secretes mucus and
prevents the entrance of
vaginal bacteria.
iv. During childbirth, the
cervix stretches (dilates) to
allow the passage of the
baby from the uterus.
Functions of the Cervix
- is a pear-shaped muscular
organ that has two components: the
corpus or body and the cervix or neck
● Uterus
The _____ is divided into the
fundus (upper portion) the body
(central portion), and the isthmus
(narrow lower portion).
Situated in a forward position
above the bladder
Normal size: approximately 7.5
cm long, 5 cm wide, and 2.5
cm thick, and is movable.
corpus
= inner
mucosal layer
● Estrogen and
progesterone
influence the
thickness of this
tissue.
● Uterine glands
contained within the
endometrium
secrete an alkaline
substance that
keeps the uterine
cavity moist.
Endometrium
middle
layer
● Composed of three
layers of smooth
muscle fibers that
surround blood
vessels.
● Function to expel
the products of
conception.
Myometrium
= outer
uterine layer
● covers the uterus
and separates it
from the
peritoneum that
covers some of the
organs of the pelvis.
● Secretes a
lubricating fluid that
helps to reduce
friction.
● Forms anterior and
posterior pouches
around the uterus.
Perimetrium
- are 8 to 12 cm long
tubes begin near the ovaries and enter
the uterus just beneath the fundus.
○ The end of the tube near the
ovary has fringe-like extensions
called Fimbrae.
Fallopian tubes -
a pair of small, oval shaped
organs of which is situated on a lateral
aspect of the pelvic cavity.
○ Each is approximately 3 cm long,
2 cm wide, and 1 cm deep,
connected to the uterus by the
ovarian ligament.
○ Functions: To develop and
release ova and to produce
hormones such as estrogen,
progesterone, and testosterone.
○ The ovum travels from the ovary
to the uterus
Ovaries
is the final segment of
the digestive system, it begins at the
anal sphincter and ends at the anorectal
junction. (also known as pectinate line,
mucocutaneous junction or dentate
line).
anal cana
are the two sphincter that
normally hold the anal canal closed
except when passing gas and feces.
anus a
is
composed of skeletal muscle and is
under voluntary control
EXTERNAL SPHINCTER
is
composed of smooth muscle and is
under involuntary control by the
autonomic nervous system.
INTERNAL SPHINCTER
is lined with folds of
mucosa, known as the columns of
Morgagni.
rectum
is not
palpable but maybe visualized
during internal examination.
○ It is the lowest portion of the
large intestine and is
approximately 12 cm long
extending from the end of the
sigmoid colon to the anorectal
junction.
○ The perit
anorectal junction
lines the upper
two thirds of the anterior rectum
peritoneum
