Heart and Neck NECK VESSELS Flashcards
- away from heart
ARTER
- back to the heart
VEIN
- carry oxygenated blood to head, neck,
brain
CAROTID ARTERY
- carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart through SVC
JUGULAR VEIN
l - deep to sternocleidomastoid muscle
Internal -
superficial & above the clavicle
External
- differentiate diff.
Form of heart & lung disease; determine hemodynamics of
right side of heart
JUGULAR VENOUS PRESSURE/PULSE
- assess volume status
5-10 - normal >10 - distention
➢ JUGULAR VENOUS EXAM
- tracing of pressure in internal JV in right
side of heart during cardiac cycle
JVP WAVEFORM
contracts
A WAVE
relax
X DESCENT
- bulging of tricuspid valve
C WAVE
- right atrial filling
V WAVE
right atrial emptying
Y DESCENT
Inspect, Auscultate, Palpate
ASSESSING JUGULAR VEIN
- where the heart is located
● MEDIASTINUM -
- overlies heart & great vessels
PRECORDIUM -
- surrounds heart
PERICARDIUM
- covers outer surface of heart
EPICARDIUM
- thickest
MYOCARDIUM
- innermost layer
ENDOCARDIUM - i
divides heart into L & R
● SEPTUM
transport oxygenated blood from l. ventricle to the
body
AORTA -
- where blood enters
RIGHT ATRIUM
- right
TRICUSPID VALVE
- left
BICUSPID (MITRAL) VALVE -
- anchor AV to papillary muscles
CHORDAE TENDINEAE -
- at the exit of each ventricle
SEMILUNAR VALVE
exits at right ventricle
a. Pulmonic
exits at left ventricle
Aortic
- large veins & arteries leading to & away
from heart
GREAT VESSELS
- receive blood from upper
SVC
- receives from lower
IVC
exits r. ventricle & carry blood to
lungs
PULMONARY ARTERY
- return oxygenated blood to l. atrium
PULMONARY VEIN
Throughout the body; left side
SYSTEMIC
lungs; right
PULMONARY -
impulse generated by
SA node
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION OF HEART
- generate impulse; “pacemaker of
the heart”
SINOATRIAL/SINUS NODE -
relax of ventricles; filling; S2 “dub”; AV valves open
DIASTOLE
contraction/emptying; S1 “lub”
SYSTOLE
ventricles contract
ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION
- louder than S2
ACCENTUATED S1
softer than S2
DIMINISHES S1 -
- ventricles contract at diff. time
SPLIT S1 -
mitral valve is in diff. position
VARYING S1
louder than S1
ACCENTUATED S2
softer than S1
DIMINISHES S2 -
over the 2nd / 3rd L ICS
NORMAL SPLIT S2
- increase in splitting
WIDE SPLIT S2
- delayed closure
FIXED SPLIT S2 -
paradoxical split
REVERSED SPLIT S2 -
- diastolic filling sounds
S3 & S4
diastole
S3 -
- heard late in diastole
S4 -
2nd ICS at right
AORTIC AREA
2nd or 3rd ICS at left
PULMONIC AREA
- 3rd ICS
ERB POINT
- 5th; apex
MITRAL
- 4th or 5th at left
TRICUSPID
- amount of blood pumped by ventricles
CARDIAC OUTPUT