Lesson 14: Assessing Peripheral Vascular System Flashcards

1
Q

are blood vessels that carry oxygenated,
nutrient rich blood from the heart to the
capillaries.
● arterial network is a high-pressure
system
● are located in protected areas, far from
the surface of the skin.

A

Artery

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2
Q

Major Arteries of the Arm

A

Brachial Artery
● Radial Artery
● Ulnar Artery

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3
Q

● Femoral Artery
● Popliteal Artery
● Dorsalis Pedis Artery
● Posterior Tibial Artery

A

Major Arteries of the Leg

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4
Q

Intermittent claudication to sharp,
unrelenting, constant

A

● Pain:

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5
Q

Diminished or absent

A

PulseS

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6
Q

○ Elevation pallor of foot
○ Dry, shiny skin
○ Cool-to-cold temperature
○ Loss of hair over toes and
dorsum of foot
○ Nails thickened and ridged

A

Skin Characteristics: Dependent rubor

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7
Q

● Location: Tips of toes, toe webs, heel or
other pressure areas if confined to bed.
● Pain: Very painful
● Depth of ulcer: Deep, often involving
joint space
● Shape: Circular
Ulcer Base: Pale black to dry and
gangrene
● Leg edema: Minimal unless extremity
kept in dependent position constantly to
relieve pain

A

Arterial Ulcer

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8
Q

are the blood vessels that carry
deoxygenated, nutrient depleted,
waste-laden blood from the tissues back
to the heart
● veins of the arms, upper trunk, head,
and neck carry blood to the superior
vena cava, where it passes into the right
atrium
● Blood from the lower trunk and legs
drains upward into the inferior vena
cava.
● veins contain nearly 70% of the body’s
blood volume
● vein walls are much thinner
● veins are larger in diameter than
arteries and can expand if blood volume
increases

A

Veins

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9
Q

Pain: Aching, Cramping
● Pulses: Present but may be difficult to
palpate through edema
● Skin Characteristics:
○ Pigmentation in gaitor area (area
of medial and lateral malleolus)
○ Skin thickened and tough
○ May be reddish-blue in color
○ Frequently associated with
dermatitis

A

Venous Insufficiency

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10
Q

Location: Medial malleolus or anterior
tibial area
● Pain: If superficial, minimal pain; but
may be very painful
● Depth of ulcer: Superficial
● Shape: Irregular Border
● Ulcer Base: Granulation tissue-beefy red
to yellow fibrinous in chronic long-term
ulcer
● Leg edema: Moderate to severe

A

Ulcer

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11
Q

are small blood vessels that
form the connection between the
arterioles and venules and allow the
circulatory system to maintain the vital
equilibrium between the vascular and
interstitial spaces

A

Capillaries

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12
Q

true or false Oxygen, water, and nutrients in the
interstitial fluid are delivered by the
arterial vessels to the microscopic
capillaries.

A

true

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13
Q

(generated by the
blood pressure) is the primary
mechanism by which the interstitial fluid
diffuses out of the capillaries and enters
the tissue space

A

Hydrostatic force

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14
Q

The _____ ______ releases the oxygen,
water, and nutrients and picks up waste
products such as carbon dioxide and
other by-products of cellular
metabolism.

A

interstitial fluid

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15
Q

The fluid then reenters the capillaries by
osmotic pressure and is transported
away from the tissues and interstitial
spaces by ____ ________

A

venous circulation

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16
Q

an integral and complementary
component of the circulatory system, is
a complex vascular system composed of
lymphatic capillaries, lymphatic vessels,
and lymph nodes:

A

Lymphatic System

17
Q

Caused by abnormal or blocked lymph
vessels
● Non Pitting
● Usually bilateral , may be unilateral
● No skin ulceration or pigmentation

A

Edema Associated with Lymphedema

18
Q

Caused by obstruction or insufficiency of
deep veins
Usually unilateral; may be bilateral
● Skin ulceration and pigmentation may
be present

A

Edema Associated with Chronic Venous
Insufficiency

19
Q

= slight pitting

20
Q

deeper than 1+

21
Q

noticeably deep pit;
extremity looks larger

22
Q

very deep pit; gross edema
in extremity

23
Q

Disorders of the peripheral vascular
system may develop rapidly. Severe
symptoms may not occur until there is
extensive damage

A

false - gradualy

24
Q

true or false It
is also important for the nurse to ask about
personal and family history of vascular disease.

25
1.0 - 1.2 ABI
Normal - No Arterial Insufficiency
26
0.8 - 1.0 ABI
Mild Insufficiency
27
0.5-0.8 ABI
Moderate Insufficienc
28
< 0.5 ABI -
- Severe Insufficiency
29
< 0.3 ABI
Limb threatening
30
e transmits and receives ultrasound waves to evaluate blood flow. It works by transmitting ultra high frequency sound waves that strike red blood cells in an artery or vein.
Doppler Ultrasound Device
31
to assess the competence of the veins valves. Ask the client to stand. Firmly compress the lower portion of the varicose veins with one hand. Place your other hand 6 - 8 inches above your first hand. Feel for a pulsation to your fingers in the upper hand. Repeat this test and the other leg is present.
Manual Compression Test
32
If the client has varicose veins, perform the __________ ___________ to determine the competence of the saphenous veins valves and the retrograde filling of the superficial veins. T
Trendelenburg Test
33
Edema is not evident. Clinical detection does not occur until the normal interstitial volume increases by 30% or more.
Stage 0
34
< 3 cm difference between extremities.
Stage 1
35
3 - 5 cm difference between extremities
Stage 2
36
3 - 5 cm difference between extremities
Stage 2
37
> 5 cm difference between extremities
Stage 3