Breast Assessment Flashcards
which
extends into the axillary area, is
referred to as the
tail of Spence
most breast tumors occur in this
quadrant
upper outer quadrant
Present in both males and female breasts
structures drain from the breast to filter out microorganism and return water and protein to the blood
Lymph Nodes
smooth and varies in color depending on the
client’s skin tones.
Skin of the breasts
located in the center of the breast
- contains the tiny opening of the lactiferous ducts
through which milk passes.
Nipple
surrounds the nipple 1-to 2-cm radius
- contains Montgomery glands that secrete a
protective lipid substance during lactation.
- Hair follicles.
- Presence of Smooth muscle fiber
Areola
amount of pigmentation __________ with pregnancy,
decreases after lactation.
increases
allowing for milk production
- is arranged in 15 to 20 lobes that radiate in a
circular fashion from the nipple
- Each lobe contains several lobules with secreting
alveoli (acini cells)
- Mammary ducts from alveoli converge into a
single-lactiferous duct that leaves each lobe and
conveys milk to the nipple.
- The slight enlargement in each duct before it
reaches the nipple is called the lactiferous sinus.
The milk can be stored in the lactiferous sinus (or
ampullae) until stimulated to be released from
the nipple
a. Glandular
Cooper Ligaments - Suspensory Ligaments
Fibrous Tissue
The glanular tissue is embedded in the fatty tissue
Fatty or adipose Tissue
anterior nodes drain the anteror chest wall and breasts
anterior (pectoral)
posterior chest wall and aprt of the arms are drained by the posterior nodes
posterior (subscapular)
drain most of the arms
lateral (brachial)
receive drainage from teh anterior posteror and lateral lymph nodes
central (mid axillary_
may be present with benign
breast conditions
lumps or swelling
may indicate inflammation
redness, warmth –
dimpling or retraction of the
nipple or fibrous tissue may indicate breast cancer
dimpling of breasts
- increase
in the size of one breast may indicate inflammation,
pregnancy, lactation, or abnormal growth.
change in the size or firmness of breasts
color, consistency, and
odor
- discharge from the nipples
history of breast cancer _____ the risk for recurrence
of cancer.
increases
Breast problems may occur with silicone breast implants.
True
- Early menses (before age __) or delayed menopause
(after age __)
12.52
True or False risk of breast cancer is greater for women who have
never given birth or for those who had their first child
after age 30
True
Hereditary forms of breast cancer constitute only _ - _ %
of breast cancer causes overall
5-10%
(persistent
milk secretion) a medication-induced
Hormones and some antipsychotic agents can cause
breast engorgement in women.
. Galactorrhea
- Women of age 40 and older should have a
screening mammogram every year. biennial screening
mammography for women aged 50-74 years. Is the screening
of choice for breast cancer.
- Mammogram
Breast cancer type
* Breast cancer grade (based on cell differentiation
level from Grades 1-3)
* Estrogen or progesterone receptors positive or
negative
* Heu2/neu positive or negative (a growth-promoting
protein instructed by the Heu2/neu to produce too
much of the protein, which causes cancers to grow
faster)
* DNA and other gene expressions
Breast cancer classifications:
noninvasive
and confined to the linings of the milk duct
system; appears early
a. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS):
which spreads beyond the
ductal system. most common type
b. Invasive (infiltrating) ductal carcinoma (IDC):
occurs in women in their
late 40s and 50s
. Medullary carcinoma:
usually appears as a subtle thickening, feeling
of fullness, change in texture or appearance of
the breast or nipple skin, rather than as
discreet lump
. Invasive (infiltrating) lobular carcinoma (ILC):
cells in the
tumor are negative for progesterone,
estrogen, and HER2/neu receptors
e. Triple negative carcinoma (TNC):
Biennial screening mammography for women
aged
50-74
yearly mammograms at age
40-45,
annual
mammograms from
45 to 54,
every 2 years
women over 55
True or False Studies show that dense breast tissue is six
times more likely to develop cancer, and dense
tissue makes it harder to detect breast cancer
on mammograms
True