Restrictive lung diseases

Question 1

clinical symptoms associated with restrictive lung disease

Answer 1

dyspnoea, abnormal CXR or CT scan (small lungs), respiratory failure in type 1, heart failure

Question 2

granulomatous lung disease (sarcoidosis)

Answer 2

cause unknown. granulomas do not have necrosis, little lymphoid chronic inflammatory reaction around the granulomas, variable associated fibrosis, multi system disorder but lung and lymph nodes most commonly affected, common in young adults, does not need much treatment diagnosed clinically

Question 3

idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Answer 3

unknown cause, diagnosed if normal signs of usual interstitial pneumonitis aren’t there. risk factor for lung cancer

Question 4

diffuse alveolar damage syndrome

Answer 4

acute. associated with major trauma, chemical injury, circulatory shock, drugs, infection and viruses, autoimmune disease, radiation. large accumulation of oedema fluid, hyaline membranes produced, inflammation then follows then fibrosis all across around 2 weeks. can be fatal

Question 5

effects of endstage lung fibrosis/honeycomb lung

Answer 5

cystic spaces underneath the pleura in a fibrotic lung, small shrunken lung, cannot participate in gas exchange

Question 6

causes of endstage lung fibrosis/honeycomb lung

Answer 6

more likely to occur in IPF and UIP but can occur in any chronic restrictive lung diseases

Question 7

Usual interstitial pneumonitis

Answer 7

may be seen in connective tissue diseases, drug reaction, post infection, industrial exposure eg asbestos, most are idopathic. patchy interstitial chronic inflammation, type II pneumocyte hyperplasia, smooth muscle and vascular proliferation. fibroblast proliferation and evidence of old and recent injury. risk factor for lung cancer