pathology of pulmonary infection

Question 1

lung infections may be outcome of

Answer 1

microorganism pathogenicity, capacity to resist infection and population at risk

Question 2

examples of respiratory tract defence mechanisms

Answer 2

general immune system, respiratory tract secretions, upper respiratory tract acts as a filter

Question 3

macrophage mucociliary escalator system involves

Answer 3

alveolar macrophages getting on to mucociliary escalator which is going out of the lung and cough reflex

Question 4

effects that lower respiratory tract infections can have

Answer 4

cytopathic effect of viral infection, damaging epithelial cells and losing function of mucociliary escalator. chronic bronchiolitis,

Question 5

pneumonia can be classified

Answer 5

anatomically, aetiologically, microbiologically

Question 6

types of pneumonia

Answer 6

community acquired, hospital acquired, in immunocompromised, atypical, aspiration, recurrent

Question 7

bronchopneumonia

Answer 7

both lungs, usually lower lobes, common in copd patients, focal problem centred on small airways,

Question 8

lobar pneumonia

Answer 8

effects a lobe, inflammatory reaction to the infectory organism, causes consolidation

Question 9

outcomes of pneumonia

Answer 9

resolve, pleurisy, pleural effusion, empyema, organisation (lump), lung abscess, bronchiectasis,

Question 10

when can a lung abscess develop

Answer 10

if there is a tumour, aspiration, particular organisms eg staph aureus, metastatic in pyaemia, can be a secondary infection of necrotic lung tissue

Question 11

bronchiectasis is

Answer 11

pathological dilation of bronchi

Question 12

bronchiectasis is caused by

Answer 12

severe infective episodes, recurrent infections, proximal bronchial obstruction, lung parenchymal destruction

Question 13

aspiration pneumonia can be due to

Answer 13

food into lungs-
vomiting, oesophageal lesion, obstetric anaesthesia on full stomach, neuromuscular disorders eg gag reflex loss of function, sedation