Respitory System Flashcards
To maintain muscle energy supply:
Nutrients must be delivered
Oxygen must be delivered
By-products must be removed
The primary role of the respiratory system is to
- Deliver oxygenated air to blood
- Remove carbon dioxide from blood, a by-product of metabolism
The repository system includes
- The lungs (pulmonary system)
- Several passageways leading from outside to the lungs
- Muscles that move in out out of lungs
The functional units of the lungs are the tiny air sacs, known as _______
Aveoli
Where gas exchange is happening, how many you have determines lung capacity
Alveoli are clusters in bunch’s like grapes, with a common opening into an alveolar duct called an _____________
Alveolar sac
Diaphragm
Sits under the lungs
Intercostals
Sit between the ribs
Diaphragm contracts and moves down
This causes _______ in volume of chest cavity
This cause _______ in pressure
Air is then sucked into lungs (gas go from high to low concentration)
Increase
Decrease
External intercostal muscles contract:
This causes ribs to ________
This causes ______ in volume of chest cavity
This causes _______ in pressure
Air is sucked into lungs
Elevate
Increase
Decrease
-pleura lined on lungs that pulls to chest when expanding
Pharynx/ Trachea structure
Nasal cavity- cilia filter air
Pharynx- has epiglottis
Epiloglottis- food vs. Air in the pharynx, covers opening
Glottis - opening
Larynx- voice box
Trachea to lungs
Pathway of air
Air enter the nasal cavity
Passes then to the pharynx
Then passed the epiglottis and enter the opening called the glottis
Before passing into the trachea on the way to the lungs
The first branches into the lungs are the left and right bronchi
Then branches into smaller and smaller bronchioles
The terminal chambers in the lungs are alveoli
Bronchioles / Lung function
Bronchi (primary/secondary/ tertiary/ terminal)
23+ successive branching bronchioles
Alveolar sacs with surrounding capillary plexus (blood in aveoli for 0.75 sec)
Pressure gradient = gas exchange
*lung volume and capacity change little with training
Muscle contractions need __________ to continue beyond the anaerobic stage
Oxygen
99% of the O2 that is transported in blood is chemically bonded with ___________ in the red blood cells
Hemoglobin
Respiratory and response (receptors in…)
-receptors in aorta and in carotid arteries are sensitive to partial pressures of CO2 and O2 also to ph (acidity) of blood
-theses receptors send signal to brain (medulla) which sends signals to diaphragm and intercostal muscles
In exercise, we increase the muscles need for O2 which is carried fro lungs to muscles via _________ in erythrocytes
Hemoglobin
Muscle contraction produce by-products that must be eliminated
Anaerobic produces ________
Aerobic need O2 and gives off _____ and _______
Lactic acid
CO2 and H2O
Energy supply for muscle contraction
ATP
Resynthesized Anaerobically
Alactic system (ATP, PCr)
Lactic system ( CHO)
Resynthesized Aerobically
Oxidative system (CHO, fats)
-Air enters through the nose (nasal cavity) and or mouth, where it is filtered, humidified and adjusted to body temperature in the ________
Trachea
-the trachea branches into the ____________ that enter the lung and continue to branch into smaller and smaller tubes called ____________and finally the repository bronchioles
Left and right bronchi
Bronchioles
The whole system is inside the lungs looks similar an upside-down tree that it is commonly called the “respiration tree”.
- The lungs are _______The right lung is larger than the left lung because the heart takes up more space on the left side.
Asymmetrical
