Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Kin 121 > Cardiovascular Systems > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Primary roles of the cardiovascular system

A
  1. to transport ___oxygen _____ from the lungs to the tissues (muscles)
  2. to transport _carbon dioxide ___________ from the tissues to the lungs ( comes from muscles being used)
  3. to transport nutrients from the digestive system to other areas in the body ( macronutrients )
  4. to transport waste products from sites of production to sites of excretion.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The structure of the heart

A

Heart is comprised of cardiac muscle (and vessels of smooth muscle) that serves to pump blood through the human body.

•consists of four chambers:
Atria (right atrium and left atrium) receive blood from peripheral organs and pump blood into the ventricles

Ventricles (left and right) pump blood through the body,
Right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs
Left ventricle pumps blood through the entire body (are larger and with stronger muscle walls than the RV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ventricles

A

Bottom chamber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Atria

A

Chambers on the top

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the ________ and the ________

A

Superior
Inferior vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The blood moves from the _________ to the ________and pumps it to the lungs

A

Right atrium
Right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Blood travels to the lungs through the ….

A

Pulmonary arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Blood that enters the left atrium via

A

Pulmonary veins
(Oxygenated blood)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The left atrium receives the ______ blood from the lungs and pumps it to the ________

A

Oxygenated
Left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Once blood is oxygen rich it is transported to the body via the

A

Aorta
The largest artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Heart structures: chambers

A

Chambers (actual flow)
Blood flows throughout chambers in both right and left sides simultaneously.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Diastole

A

Ventricles relaxing and filling with blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Systole

A

Ventricles contracting, push blood through
-pulse of blood is systole HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Blood flow

A

Cardiac cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cardiac cycle

A

See diagram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Rules of arteries

A

Arteries carry oxygenated blood EXCEPT the pulmonary artery
-all arteries carry blood away from the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Rules of veins

A

Veins carry deoxygenated blood EXCEPT the pulmonary vein
- all veins carry blood back to the heart (i.e venous returns)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Sound of heart is

A

Valve opening and closing
-heart murmur is problems with the valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Heart tissue blood supply ( where does the heart get its blood)

A

Coronary arteries and coronary veins
- heart needs its own blood supply
Heart attack is when blood supply to the heart is cut off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Circulatory system neural drive

A

Neural control over heart rate is also through the Involuntary (Autonomic) Nervous System which is responsive to:
• emotional changes (stress)
• CO2 and O2 blood levels (based on metabolism)
• proprioceptive changes (response to stress)
• etc.

21
Q

The heart - hemodynamics
Average bpm

A

60-80 bpm
Trained individuals have a lower heart rate, stroke volume is going up( amount of blood ejected per beat) heart doesn’t have to beat as often
World class long distance runner = 30 bpm

22
Q

Tachycardia

A

Persistent resting rate > 100 bpm
Caffeine can effect this

23
Q

Bradycardia

A

Persistent resting rate < 60 bpm
Health heart

24
Q

Stroke volume

A

= ml/beat (systole)

25
Q

Cardiac output

A

Volume ejected 1/min
= heart rate (bpm) x stroke volume (ml/beat)
At 80 bpm x 60ml/beat = 4.8L

Total volume of blood ejected in a minuet
Larger contraction or heart beating more often = more blood

26
Q

Heart rate during exercise

A

Increase directly proportional to increases in exercise intensity (linear relation)
This is why you can predict maximal from the submaximal

27
Q

Vessels: the peripheral circulatory system

A

Comprised of the arteries that carry blood away from the heart to the muscle and organs and veins return that blood to the heart
All of the vessels of the body are made up of smooth muscle cells that allow them to contract or relax (happens according to metabolic need) they can constrict or dilate
They regulate blood flow and alter the pattern of circulation throughout the body

28
Q

Vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called _____

A

Arteries

29
Q

Arteries branch into smaller and smaller vessels called ____

A

Arterioles

30
Q

The arterioles branch into even smaller vessels called _____

A

Capillaries

31
Q

Capillaries

A

Allow for the exchange of oxygen and nutrients form the blood to muscles and organs
-allow blood to pick up the waste products and carbon dioxide from metabolism

32
Q

Veins ( blood flow and valves)

A

Blood flow towards the heart opens the valves
Blood flow away from heart closes the valves

33
Q

In comparison to arteries, veins have valves that _____________________ to the heart and ____________ from the heart

A

Opens as blood returns
Close as blood flows away

34
Q

Vasodilation

A

Increases blood flow

35
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

Decrease blood flow

36
Q

At rest: blood flow (where is it going)

A

50% of blood to liver and kidney
15% blood to muscle
Heavy endurance : 80% blood to muscle

37
Q

Blood pressure (+ avgs) diastolic and systolic

A

Pressure exerted on the vessels using systole (contraction of muscles) and diastole (relation of muscles) pressure is highest at the heart
Systolic pressure avg. 120mmHg
Diastolic pressure avg. 80 mmHG

38
Q

Blood : plasma

A

Approx. 55% of blood
Is comprised mostly of water

39
Q

Blood: formed elements

A

Approx. 45%
Comprised mainly (99%) of red blood cells
Also white blood cells and platelets

40
Q

Functions of red blood cells

A

One of the primary functions of red blood cells is to transport oxygen form the lungs to th tissues. They are able to do this because of a substance called hemoglobin
In 1 liter of blood, hemoglobin store 200 ml O2

41
Q

Blood and exercise

A

Increase partial pressure of CO2 decrease partial pressure of O2 is “sensed” in the carotid bodies (carotid arteries)
Signal sent to respiratory center in medulla- which sends signal to heart to increase heart rate (need more oxygen, tells brain to change breathing)

42
Q

Exercise and heart rate/blood

A

Exercise = increase heart rate via Proprioceptors signal to heart center in medial, which signals heart to increase rhythm
Muscular activity increase venous return (muscle pump) which increase ventricular preload( loading the left ventricle)
Ventricles thus contract more forcefully and expel more blood ( if we stretch the left ventricle, by preloading, the heart more forcefully contracts = more blood)

43
Q

Sustained exercise creates a more efficient heart:

A

Somewhat increased size of cavities and thickness of walls = cardiac hypertrophy
-increased stroke volume
-allows heart to beat more slowly at rest (higher stroke volume)
Also: increase in red blood cells
Increased capillaries

44
Q

Th Heart contracts in a constant rhythm that may speed up or slow down depending on ________________

A

The need for oxygen and blood in the body

45
Q

The beating of the heart is governed by an automatic electrical impulse generated in the _____

A

Sinus node

46
Q

The sinus node is a small bundle of nerve fibers that are found in the wall of the ___________

A

Right atrium

47
Q

The sinus node generates an electrical charge called ____________

A

Action potential

48
Q

The action potential causes muscles of the heart to contract. This action potential travels through the two _________ to a v node and is then distrusted to the two ventricles via the ________

A

Atria
Purkinje fibers

49
Q

The atria contract before the _______, which allows for the blood to be quickly pumped into the ventricles from the atria

A

Ventricles

Kin 121 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions