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Kin 121 > Atheltic Injuries > Flashcards

Atheltic Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

Bio mechanical principles of injury- loading

A

Under load a tissue experiences deformation
Deformation can be visualized through deformation curve

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2
Q

Elastic region (low, small)

A

Capacity of a tissue to return it its original shape after removal of load

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3
Q

Elastic limit (deformation)

A

Plastic region begins
Tissue no longer processes elastic properties

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4
Q

Plastic region

A

Permanent tissue deformation (does not return to its original shape)
Resulting in failure (sprains= ligaments)

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5
Q

Ultimate failure

A

Macro or complete failure ( torn ligament)
Tissue becomes completely unresponsive to loads

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6
Q

Tissue responses to training loads

A

Training load = < elastic limit
Macro failure = building new tissue
Positive training effect

Training load+ > elastic limit
Permanent failure
Injury

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7
Q

Forces acting on tissue

A

Tension: pulling up and down
Compression: pushing in from bottom and top
Bending
Shear: pushing right and left
Torsion: twisting

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8
Q

Injury treatment

A

Received by patient from a health care professional
Promotes healing
Improves quality of injured tissues
Allows quicker return to activity
Want scar tissues to align so you still have range of motion

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9
Q

Injury rehabilitation

A

Therapists restoration of inured tissue + patent is participation
-individualized for each perosn

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10
Q

Healing phases

A

Inflammatory response phase : 2-4 days
Fibroblastic repair phase: hours- 6 weeks
Maturation-remodeling phase: 3 weeks- years

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11
Q

Inflammatory response phase ( what to do/signs)

A

Inflammation begins at time of injury
Signs
-redness
-swelling
-pain
-increased temperature
-loss of function

Protect
Rest
Cryotherapy (reduces swelling, pain and spasms
Compression- decreased swelling
Elevation - decreases swelling

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12
Q

Fibroelastic repair phase

A

Repair and scar formation
Granulation tissue fills the gap
Collagen fibres are deposited by fibroblasts

Rehab specific exercises - restore ROM
Manual massage therapy and ultrasound - break down scar tissue
Protective taping and bracing

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13
Q

Maturation-remodeling phase

A

Remodeling or realigning of scar tissue
More aggressive stretching and strength ting - organizes the scar tissue along th lines of tensile stress
Include sport specific skills and activities

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14
Q

Pain

A

Natures way of telling us something is wrong
One of the best indicators to stop play

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15
Q

Problem with ignoring pain

A

Masking with medications and continued pain can lead to

-pushing injured tissue closer to yield-level point
-addiction
-gastrointestinal complications

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16
Q

Soft tissue injuries (examples)

A

Contusions
Strains and sprains
Dislocations
Fractures
Concussions
Growth plate

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17
Q

Contusions

A

Bruise
Compressing force crushes tissue
Discolouration and swelling; bleeding underneath skin
PRICE treatment

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18
Q

Myositis ossificans

A

Abnormal bone formation in severe contusion
Life-threatening if the tissue involved is a vital organ

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19
Q

Strains

A

Tendon or muscle tissue is torn or stretched

20
Q

Sprain

A

Ligament or joint capsule is stretched or torn

21
Q

Grade of sprains and strains: Grade 1

A

Slightly stretched or torn; few muscle fibres

22
Q

Grades of sprains and strains: Grade 2

A

Moderately stretched or torn, more muscle fibres

23
Q

Grades of sprains and strains: Grade3

A

Complete rupture
Surgery required
Only 2% wont need surgery eg. ACL tear

24
Q

Common strains (muscle/ placement)

A

Quadriceps
Adductors
Hip flexors
Hamstrings (most common)
Rotator cuff

25
Q

Hamstring strains

A

Most frequent
Mechanism: rapid contraction in lengthened position (sprinting or running
Due to strength imbalance
-hamstring strength < quadriceps strength

Should double hamstring work

26
Q

Dislocations

A

High enough forces push the joint beyond its normal anatomical limits
Joint surface come apart

27
Q

Simple fracture

A

Stays within the surrounding tissue
More mild

28
Q

Compound fracture

A

Protrudes from skin

29
Q

Stress fracture

A

Results from relates low magnitude loads
-often go unnoticed

30
Q

Avulsion fracture

A

Involves tendon or ligament pulling small chip of bone

31
Q

Concussions (mechanism/symptoms)

A

Injury to brass
Mechanism:
-violent shaking or jarring action of the skull
-brain bounces inside skull
Symptoms
-confusion
-temporary loss of brain function
Rest
* no such thins as a minor concussion or shaking it off

32
Q

Overuse injuries (results from/due to)

A

Due to
-no sufficient recovery
-repeated and accumulated micro trauma
Results from
-poor technique
-poor equipment
-too much training
-type of training

33
Q

Stress fractures

A

Results from low magnitude repeated fore’s
Small disruption of the outer bone layer
Weakened bone
Cortical bone fracture (outside)
Not shin splints

34
Q

Shin splints

A

Pain alongside tibial surface
Involves pain and inflammations
No disruption of cortical bone

35
Q

Injury related to growth

A

During rapid growth, growth plates are wider apart therefore more. Vulnerable to growth plate injury (stop growing)

36
Q

Peak height velocity (growth)

A

Velocity of growth reaches its maximum during peak height velocity (PHV)

Age at PHV on average
Females= 12 yrs males = 14 yrs

37
Q

Epiphysis growth plate (how does it break)

A

Breaks by compression forces
Contact sport

38
Q

Apophyseal growth plate ( gets broken by)

A

Tensile pulling forces
Overuse

39
Q

Epiphyseal

A

End of long bones
Under compression forces
Damage can be accuse or Chronoscope
Damage can result in premature fusion (ossification) of bone which could lead to that injured bone being shorter

40
Q

Apophyseal

A

Generic name for bony bumps that have tendons (muscles) attached
Growth plate is between bump and shaft Tensile force (traction)
Muscles contract and pull on the bump which in turn pull on growth plate
Mainly damaged by chronic (over use)
Severe pull can cause avulsion fracture

41
Q

Growth plates (physis)(most vulnerable to and when )

A

Growth plates are widest (most vulnerable) To damages during adolescent (PHV)
Most vulnerable to shear forces and torsion (twisting)

42
Q

Epiphyseal growth plates: distal femur

A

Just above knee
By far greatest amount of growth in total leg length occurs at this growth plate
Growing pain = bc its so rapid

43
Q

Apophyseal growth plate: tibial tuberosity

A

Inflammations of tibial tuberosity = os good-Schlatters

44
Q

Apophyseal growth plate: calcanela tuberosity

A

Inflation = severes diseas
Heel

45
Q

Injury prevention

A

Warm up and cool down
Protective equipment
Keeping fit and flexible
-use it or lose it
-especially important during off season
Eating and resting
-proper nutrient
-adequate rest

46
Q

Subluxation

A

-when supporting structures (ligaments) are stretched or torn enough
-bony surfaces partially segregate
Most common = fingers
Can be chronic

Kin 121 (21 decks)

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