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Kin 121 > Kinanthropometry > Flashcards

Kinanthropometry Flashcards

1
Q

Kinanthropometry

A

Size
Proportionality
Composition
Shape (somatotype)

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2
Q

Size

A

Stature
Mass (weight)
Length (limbs, segments, bones)
Girth
Widths

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3
Q

Proportionality

A

To calculate one’s body segment compadres to another segment you will express one as a percentage of the other
Multiply one by 100 and then divide by other measure
Ratio/index

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4
Q

Stature proportions

A

Sitting heights relative to standing height
In general females tend to have longer trunks than males, females often have a greater sitting height

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5
Q

Mass

A

BMI this is your body mass relative to your stature, as you increase in height your surface area squares but you volumes cubes

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6
Q

Length proportions

A

Arm span real-time to height
Crural index (lower leg, upper leg)
Brachial index (lower arm relative to upper arm)

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7
Q

Girth proportions

A

Hip relative to waist

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8
Q

Width proportions

A

Shoulders relative to hip (androgyny index)

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9
Q

Surface area relative to volume

A

Children have a large surface area relative to volume, they would be more sensitive to the cold ext.

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10
Q

Two-component model

A

Most common method used in body composition analysis
1. Lean body mass ( includes skeletal muscles, bone, water) excessive leanness may impair health (females developing amenorrhea)
2. Fat body mass (higher LMB associated with higher metabolism)
-can be divided into two types of fat (SF and EF)

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11
Q

Essential fat (EF)

A

Required for normal physiological functioning
Comprises approx 3% of body weight for males, 12% for females (because of hormone related functions)
Helps with:
Bone marrow
Heart
Kidneys
Liver
Muscles
Lungs

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12
Q

Storage fat (SF)

A

Fat that accumulates as adipose
Serves as energy reserve
Cushions, protects organs
Male 12%
Female 15%
Excess associated with health problems

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13
Q

Fat cells

A

Size and number of fat cells determine degree of fatness
Raise in fat happens in two way

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14
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Increase in number of fat cells
*not reversible, fat cells are there for life

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15
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Increase of size

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16
Q

Overweight (BMI)

A

Body weight greater than deemed appropriate (for average person)
BMI 25 to 22.9

17
Q

Height/weight charts

A

Assumption is that if you weighed more than the norma (for your height) then you have to much fat

18
Q

BMI numbers

A

Weight kg/ height m2
BMI underweight (< 18.5 kg/m2)
•Normal (18.5 - 24.9 kg/m2)
•Overweight (25.0 - 29.9 kg/m2)
•Obese (> 30.0 kg/m2)
–Classes I, II and III

19
Q

Problems with BMI

A

All weight norms must be interpreted with caution
BMI intended for age 26-65 not intended for babies, children or very muscular people

20
Q

Waist circumference

A

Very strong index of health risk
Increase waist measurement associated with risk of developing health problems
Decreased waist measurement also associated with health risks
Men > 102
Women > 88cm

21
Q

Waist to hip ratio : shapes

A

Gynoid (pear shape) Tend to be woman

Android (apple) shape tend to b men
Often depends on ethnicity and age

22
Q

Assessing body composition techniques for % body fat

A

Dual energy x-ray absoptiometry DEXA
Hydrostatic weighing
Bod-pod
Bio electric on air displacements
Skinfold capliers

23
Q

Dual energy x-ray absoptiometry (DEXA)

A

Can also be used to measure bone density (bone mineral content)
Very accurate
Can look at bone, muscle and fat

24
Q

Hydrostatic weighing

A

Measure based on water displacement
Fat directly related to buoyancy
Issued with residual air in lungs
Archimedes principles
-he learned that the amount of water spilled was equal in volume to space the his body occupied

25
Q

Bod-pod

A

Measures on air displacement

26
Q

Bio electric impedance (BIA)

A

Based on difference in electrical conductivity between fat-free mass and fat mass
Con: Influenced by subjects hydration

27
Q

Skin fold capliers

A

Measure skinfold thickness
Measure subcutaneous thickness
Quite accurate if doe correctly

28
Q

Shapes

A

Somatypes

29
Q

Endomorphs

A

Round appearance and a predominance of the gut

30
Q

Mesomorphs

A

Exhibit predominance of muscle

31
Q

Ectomorph

A

Tend to be tall and thin

32
Q

Application of body types in sport

A

Certain body types tend to be more suited for specific sports

Kin 121 (21 decks)

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