Kinanthropometry Flashcards
Kinanthropometry
Size
Proportionality
Composition
Shape (somatotype)
Size
Stature
Mass (weight)
Length (limbs, segments, bones)
Girth
Widths
Proportionality
To calculate one’s body segment compadres to another segment you will express one as a percentage of the other
Multiply one by 100 and then divide by other measure
Ratio/index
Stature proportions
Sitting heights relative to standing height
In general females tend to have longer trunks than males, females often have a greater sitting height
Mass
BMI this is your body mass relative to your stature, as you increase in height your surface area squares but you volumes cubes
Length proportions
Arm span real-time to height
Crural index (lower leg, upper leg)
Brachial index (lower arm relative to upper arm)
Girth proportions
Hip relative to waist
Width proportions
Shoulders relative to hip (androgyny index)
Surface area relative to volume
Children have a large surface area relative to volume, they would be more sensitive to the cold ext.
Two-component model
Most common method used in body composition analysis
1. Lean body mass ( includes skeletal muscles, bone, water) excessive leanness may impair health (females developing amenorrhea)
2. Fat body mass (higher LMB associated with higher metabolism)
-can be divided into two types of fat (SF and EF)
Essential fat (EF)
Required for normal physiological functioning
Comprises approx 3% of body weight for males, 12% for females (because of hormone related functions)
Helps with:
Bone marrow
Heart
Kidneys
Liver
Muscles
Lungs
Storage fat (SF)
Fat that accumulates as adipose
Serves as energy reserve
Cushions, protects organs
Male 12%
Female 15%
Excess associated with health problems
Fat cells
Size and number of fat cells determine degree of fatness
Raise in fat happens in two way
Hyperplasia
Increase in number of fat cells
*not reversible, fat cells are there for life
Hypertrophy
Increase of size
Overweight (BMI)
Body weight greater than deemed appropriate (for average person)
BMI 25 to 22.9
Height/weight charts
Assumption is that if you weighed more than the norma (for your height) then you have to much fat
BMI numbers
Weight kg/ height m2
BMI underweight (< 18.5 kg/m2)
•Normal (18.5 - 24.9 kg/m2)
•Overweight (25.0 - 29.9 kg/m2)
•Obese (> 30.0 kg/m2)
–Classes I, II and III
Problems with BMI
All weight norms must be interpreted with caution
BMI intended for age 26-65 not intended for babies, children or very muscular people
Waist circumference
Very strong index of health risk
Increase waist measurement associated with risk of developing health problems
Decreased waist measurement also associated with health risks
Men > 102
Women > 88cm
Waist to hip ratio : shapes
Gynoid (pear shape) Tend to be woman
Android (apple) shape tend to b men
Often depends on ethnicity and age
Assessing body composition techniques for % body fat
Dual energy x-ray absoptiometry DEXA
Hydrostatic weighing
Bod-pod
Bio electric on air displacements
Skinfold capliers
Dual energy x-ray absoptiometry (DEXA)
Can also be used to measure bone density (bone mineral content)
Very accurate
Can look at bone, muscle and fat
Hydrostatic weighing
Measure based on water displacement
Fat directly related to buoyancy
Issued with residual air in lungs
Archimedes principles
-he learned that the amount of water spilled was equal in volume to space the his body occupied
Bod-pod
Measures on air displacement
Bio electric impedance (BIA)
Based on difference in electrical conductivity between fat-free mass and fat mass
Con: Influenced by subjects hydration
Skin fold capliers
Measure skinfold thickness
Measure subcutaneous thickness
Quite accurate if doe correctly
Shapes
Somatypes
Endomorphs
Round appearance and a predominance of the gut
Mesomorphs
Exhibit predominance of muscle
Ectomorph
Tend to be tall and thin
Application of body types in sport
Certain body types tend to be more suited for specific sports
