Axial Skeleton Flashcards
Calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate
Make up 60-70% of bone weight
Provides much of bones stiffness and resistance to forces
Collagen ( a protein)
Gives a bone it’s flexibility and contributes to its ability to resist forces
With ageing collagen is lost and becomes more brittle
Water
Bones consist of small portions of water
Functions of skeleton: support
The skeleton provides a rigid frame for support of the soft tissue and organs
Function of skeleton: protection
The skeleton protects vital organs
Functions of skeleton: locomotion
Bones provide attachment sites for muscles allowing for movement of the limbs
Functions of skeleton: blood cell production
Long and flat bones provide a site for the production of red and white cells and platelets
Functions of skeleton: mineral reservoir
99% of the body’s calcium and 85% of the phosphorus is stored in bones and teeth
Function of skeleton: mineral trap
Bone provide a trap for dangerous minerals like lead
Effect of activity on bone
Bone responds dramatically to stresses or lack there of
It increase/decreases in density
It remodels, changes shape
Bone shape: short bones
Includes bones of ankle and wrist
Serve as good shock absorbers
Bones shape: long bones
Includes femur, humerus and others
Any bone whose length exceeds its diameter( fingers )
Levers for movement
Bone shape: flat bones
Includes bones of the skull, scapula, ribs, sternum and clavicle
Largely to protect underlying organs
Bone shape: irregular bones
Includes bones of your face and vertebrae
Fulfil special face functions
Bone shape: sesamoid bones
Include patella
Oval, like a pea and found in tendons
Often functions as a pulley
Bone terms: Os
Os= bones
Bone terms: spine
Bony projection
Bone terms: fossa
A hollow, where muscles and joints are
Bone terms: condyle
Enlargements
Typically present where there is a joint, where muscles attach
Bone terms: articulation
Joint
Bone terms: tubercle(tuberosity)
Bump for tendon attachment
(End of muscle where it attaches to bone)
Epi
Above/upon
Peri
Around
Artho
Joint
Axial skeleton
80 bones
Appendicular skeleton
126 bones
Skull bones
22
Spinal column
26 bones - 24 vertebrae
Cervical vertebrae
7
Neck
C1-C7
Ex. Cervical 1
Thoracic vertebrae
12
(Each with a pair of ribs)
T1-T12
Ex. Thoracic 1
Lumbar vertebrae
5
Low back
L1-L5
Ex. Lumbar 1
Sacrum
1 (5 fused bones)
Coccyx
1 (3-4 fused bones )
Tailbone
Thoracic cage (ribs)
12 pairs of ribs (24 ribs)
Vertebrae are arranges in a cylindrical column interspersed with fibrocartilginous (intervertebral) discs
The ribs
True ribs: 1-7 directly in costal cartilage and the sternum
False ribs: 8-10
Floating ribs 11-12
Sternum
Breast bones - 3 fused bones
The clavicle and ribs 1-7 articulate with the sternum
8-10 indirectly articulate with sternum
11-12 do not articulate with sternum