Axial Skeleton

Question 1

Calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate

Answer 1

Make up 60-70% of bone weight
Provides much of bones stiffness and resistance to forces

Question 2

Collagen ( a protein)

Answer 2

Gives a bone it’s flexibility and contributes to its ability to resist forces
With ageing collagen is lost and becomes more brittle

Question 3

Water

Answer 3

Bones consist of small portions of water

Question 4

Functions of skeleton: support

Answer 4

The skeleton provides a rigid frame for support of the soft tissue and organs

Question 5

Function of skeleton: protection

Answer 5

The skeleton protects vital organs

Question 6

Functions of skeleton: locomotion

Answer 6

Bones provide attachment sites for muscles allowing for movement of the limbs

Question 7

Functions of skeleton: blood cell production

Answer 7

Long and flat bones provide a site for the production of red and white cells and platelets

Question 8

Functions of skeleton: mineral reservoir

Answer 8

99% of the body’s calcium and 85% of the phosphorus is stored in bones and teeth

Question 9

Function of skeleton: mineral trap

Answer 9

Bone provide a trap for dangerous minerals like lead

Question 10

Effect of activity on bone

Answer 10

Bone responds dramatically to stresses or lack there of
It increase/decreases in density
It remodels, changes shape

Question 11

Bone shape: short bones

Answer 11

Includes bones of ankle and wrist
Serve as good shock absorbers

Question 12

Bones shape: long bones

Answer 12

Includes femur, humerus and others
Any bone whose length exceeds its diameter( fingers )
Levers for movement

Question 13

Bone shape: flat bones

Answer 13

Includes bones of the skull, scapula, ribs, sternum and clavicle
Largely to protect underlying organs

Question 14

Bone shape: irregular bones

Answer 14

Includes bones of your face and vertebrae
Fulfil special face functions

Question 15

Bone shape: sesamoid bones

Answer 15

Include patella
Oval, like a pea and found in tendons
Often functions as a pulley

Question 16

Bone terms: Os

Answer 16

Os= bones

Question 17

Bone terms: spine

Answer 17

Bony projection

Question 18

Bone terms: fossa

Answer 18

A hollow, where muscles and joints are

Question 19

Bone terms: condyle

Answer 19

Enlargements
Typically present where there is a joint, where muscles attach

Question 20

Bone terms: articulation

Answer 20

Joint

Question 21

Bone terms: tubercle(tuberosity)

Answer 21

Bump for tendon attachment
(End of muscle where it attaches to bone)

Question 22

Epi

Answer 22

Above/upon

Question 23

Peri

Answer 23

Around

Question 24

Artho

Answer 24

Joint

Question 25

Axial skeleton

Answer 25

80 bones

Question 26

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 26

126 bones

Question 27

Skull bones

Answer 27

22

Question 28

Spinal column

Answer 28

26 bones - 24 vertebrae

Question 29

Cervical vertebrae

Answer 29

7
Neck
C1-C7
Ex. Cervical 1

Question 30

Thoracic vertebrae

Answer 30

12
(Each with a pair of ribs)
T1-T12
Ex. Thoracic 1

Question 31

Lumbar vertebrae

Answer 31

5
Low back
L1-L5
Ex. Lumbar 1

Question 32

Sacrum

Answer 32

1 (5 fused bones)

Question 33

Coccyx

Answer 33

1 (3-4 fused bones )
Tailbone

Question 34

Thoracic cage (ribs)

Answer 34

12 pairs of ribs (24 ribs)
Vertebrae are arranges in a cylindrical column interspersed with fibrocartilginous (intervertebral) discs

Question 35

The ribs

Answer 35

True ribs: 1-7 directly in costal cartilage and the sternum
False ribs: 8-10
Floating ribs 11-12

Question 36

Sternum

Answer 36

Breast bones - 3 fused bones
The clavicle and ribs 1-7 articulate with the sternum
8-10 indirectly articulate with sternum
11-12 do not articulate with sternum