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Kin 121 > Overfat > Flashcards

Overfat Flashcards

1
Q

Fat cells: three stages of natural development

A

-the last trimester of pregnancy
-first year of adult life
-adolescent growth spurt

Hypertrophy - increases in size of existing adipose cells
Hyperplasia- new fat cell formation (not reversible)

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2
Q

If energy input is greater than energy output

A

Weight gain

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3
Q

If energy input is less than energy output

A

Weight loss

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4
Q

Binge eating disorder BED

A

Involves ingesting large amounts of foods without purging
Is encourage in some sports such as sumo wrestling and football
Leads to obesity in most cases

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5
Q

Creeping obesity more likely than BED

A

Obese individuals are often viewed as gluttonous as seen with binge eating disorder
Many generally do no =t consume excessive amounts of kilocalories (Athelets consume a lot of calories but burn a lot)
Physically active individuals have been shown to consume more kilocalories than obese individuals

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6
Q

Creeping obesity (caused by)

A

Obesity is often the result of too little activity rather than excessive overeating this is what leads to “creeping obesity”
- the result of long term change in energy balance that results in gradual fat gain over a period of time

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7
Q

Excessive over fatness = obesity (+location of fat)

A

An excessive accumulation of fat at which the fat becomes chronic health risk
> 30 % in women
> 20-25 % in men
Th location of fat also confers health risks
Apple shape (android) more dangerous
Pear shape (gynoid)

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8
Q

Obesity : to be classified

A

To be classified as obese (adults 18+)
Males
-body fat % > 20 %
Or BIM > 39
Or waist >102 cm
Females
-body fat % > 30%
Or BMI > 30
Or waist circumference > 88 cm

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9
Q

Obesity : a health risk (health problems that could develop)

A

Linked to heart disease, cancer, stroke, diabetes, antihero sclerosis
The “driver” for increase blood fats, blood pressure and blood sugars

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10
Q

Health problems due to excess body fat: surgical risk

A

Increase anesthesia needs and increase of wound infection

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11
Q

Health problems due to excess body fat: pulmonary disease

A

Excess weight over lungs

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12
Q

Health problems due to excess body fat: type 2 diabetes

A

Enlarged fat cells bind with insulin and poorly respond to the message insulin sends to the cell

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13
Q

Health problems due to excess body fat: hypertension (high blood pressure)

A

Increase miles of blood vessels found in fat tissue

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14
Q

Health problems due to excess body fat: coronary heart disease

A

Increase in serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels, lower physical activity

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15
Q

Health problems due to excess body fat: bone and joint disorders

A

Excess pressure put on knee, ankle and hip joints

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16
Q

Health problems due to excess body fat: gall bladder stones

A

Increase in cholesterol content of bile

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17
Q

Health problems due to excess body fat: various cancers

A

Estrogen production by fat cells
Excess energy intake encourages tumour development

18
Q

Health problems due to excess body fat: skin disorders

A

Trapping moisture and microbes in skin folds

19
Q

Health problems due to excess body fat: shorter stature

A

Earlier onset of puberty

20
Q

Health problems due to excess body fat: pregnancy risk

A

More difficult delivery; increase anesthetic needs

21
Q

Health problems due to excess body fat: early death

A

…

22
Q

Mortality and obesity

A

Death rate:
Obese 15-69 yrs 50% higher than normal
Overweight individuals 30% higher than normal
For every 10% above normal weight lifespan lowers by 1 year

23
Q

Can fit= fat

A

It may not be body fat that puts an individual at health risk but an inactive lifestyle
Active, obese individuals can have normal blood sugars, blood fats and blood pressure
But fit and fat is not the norm

24
Q

Obesity increases with age

A

Lose muscle mass = decrease metabolism, if less active
Education high school vs. Post secondary

25
Q

Canadian childhood obesity trends

A

Children aged 5-17
32% are overweight or obese, but not obese 20% obese 12%
Boy 15% girls 3%

26
Q

Obesity in childhood can cause

A

Type 2 diabetes and heart disease
Approx 30 % of Canadian children are overweight or obese

27
Q

Are children less active today

A

As children get older, activity decreases
Raise in sedentary type activities

28
Q

What can we do to prevent obesity in children

A

Limit screen time, role modelling, wide variety of physical activity options, physical ed and recess should be top priority, healthy diet, active learning

29
Q

Child hood obesity foundation: live the 5-2-1-0 rule

A

5: or more veggies and fruits a day
2: no more than 2 hours of screen time a da
1: hour of physical activity per day
0: no surgery drinks

30
Q

Contributors to obesity (genetics)

A

Genetics
Children and or adolescents with obese parent (1 or both) tend to become obese
Genes, linked to obesity have been identified but indicate susceptibility not obesity

31
Q

Potential contributors to obesity

A

Early eating patterns
Children who are inactive and overeat
Clean your plate rule
Bottle feeding- predispose to obesity
Making sweets plentiful/rewards
Yo-yo dieting

32
Q

Potential contributors to obesity: environmental factors

A

Lack of exercise
Eating (high calorie/ high fat) drinking habits
Societal norms

33
Q

Potential contributing factors to obesity: metabolic factors

A

Exercise, caffeine, drugs (amphetamines), lean muscle mass, age, sex, foods

34
Q

Yo-yo dieting

A

Dieting (caloric restriction) decreases resting metabolism
Exercise increases resting metabolism

35
Q

What is the best way to loss body fat (healthy body composition)

A

Through combinations of healthily eating and exercise

36
Q

Body fat reduction: exercise, what does it do

A

Depresses appetite
Maximizes loss of lean muscle tissue
Burns high number of calories and increases metabolic rate
Changes the way your body handles fat (more aerobic training means you shift fat to the muscles, burning it more often

37
Q

Body fat reduction: general exercise guidelines

A

Should be primarily aerobic in nature
Beneficial to include some form of resistance training
Has to involve the big muscles of the body
Frequency is key - daily

38
Q

Exercise prescription for fat loss: traditional

A

Low intensity, longer duration (long and slow)
Minimum of 12 minutes to trigger growth of fat-burning enzymes and mobilize adipose tissue

39
Q

Exercise prescription for fat loss: more contemporary

A

High intensity, shorter duration
High intensity interval training HIIT ( good for retired athletes)

40
Q

Best exercise for weight loss

A

Something the person will actually do

Kin 121 (21 decks)

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