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Kin 121 > Kinesthetic Sense > Flashcards

Kinesthetic Sense Flashcards

1
Q

Central nervous system

A

Brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

Peripheral nervous system has

A

Peripheral nerves

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3
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Plans and initiate voluntary motor activity

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4
Q

Cerebellum

A

Coordinates complex motor proteins

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5
Q

Lower medulla oblongata

A

Repository reflexes

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6
Q

Brain stem and spinal cord

A

Spinal cranial and spinal reflexes

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7
Q

Motor control of movement - efferent

A

muscle contraction needs neural drive, volitional contraction (from efferent impulse)
Efferent- exiting CNS; starts in the brain
-starts in motor cortex of cerebrum (modified by sensory info via cerebellum
-cross over (decussation) in medulla
-down a specific spinal tract (pyramidal)
- along a spinal nerve
-via a motor unit to a specific muscle

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8
Q

Sensory component of movement (afferent impulses)

A

from receptors to CNS
Afferent impulse: travels to the brain, touching something hot

-starts in receptor (pain, stretch, heat)
-via specific spinal tract (posterior column)
-cross over (decussation) in medulla
-to sensory cortex
-if signal is of sufficient magnitude, it will illicit a spinal reflex

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9
Q

Vestibular system

A

Tells us where out body is in space
Semi circular canals in ear

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10
Q

Proprioceptive system

A

Tell us where our body parts are relative to our body
In muscle, tendon and joint capsule

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11
Q
  1. Muscle spindle
A

senses stretch in muscle
-very sensitive to rate of stretch
-stretch reflex ( myotatic )
-stretched muscles causes reflexive contraction of muscle being stretched
-sensory impulse also sent to cerebellum
*involved in plyometric training

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12
Q

Reflex arc

A

Step 1: stimulus, stretching of muscle stimulates muscle spindles
Step 2: activation of a sensory neuron
Step3: information processing at motor neuron
Step 4: activation of motor neuron
Step 5: response, contraction of muscle

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13
Q

Tendon receptors (golgi tendon organ) GTO

A

senses muscle tension
-inverse myotatic reflex
-tension on tendon causes reflective relation of muscle being contracted
-sensory impulse also sent to cerebellum
-reflexive relaxation of muscle being contracted
*when someone throws something at you and you drop it; the body in unsure it can do it, it wants to protect the body

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14
Q

Joint capsule receptors

A

-sense compression in joint capsule
-sensory impulse also sent to cerebellum

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15
Q

Neural impulses ( for muscle contraction)

A

Muscles are driven by neural impulse:
-volitional (efferent)
-reflexive ( afferent)
Coordinating movement needs sensory feedback:
-particular you kinaesthetic
-specifically proprioceptive

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16
Q

Muscle forces can be enhanced by a variety of factors

A

(age, sex, speed):
One of which was MCSA
This can be accomplished by increasing the amount or size of contractile protein (aka muscle hypertrophy) the opposite of atrophy
It can also be neurally enhanced:
-increasing stimulation frequency
-recruiting more motor units
Synchronizing the firing of motor units
-reducing inhibitory firing

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17
Q

Range of motion ROM

A

About a joint or a series of joints

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18
Q

Passive ROM

A

Attained with external force; shows that tissues are elongated ( tend to have higher range of motion)

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19
Q

Active ROM

A

Attained with internal force

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20
Q

Which ROM is more important for functional movement or sport

A

active tends to be more important; it depends if passive is important or not

Our flexibility goal is to increase active ROM to that of passive ROM and to ensure balance on both sides of the body.

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21
Q

How can active ROM be improved

A

Holding movement or stretches fro at least 30 seconds

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22
Q

What limits ROM: bony articulations (joints)

A

The type of joints pose the biggest limitations
ROM is joint specific
Ball n’ socket (hip/shoulder) hav significant range of motion
Hinge (elbow) ect; less range of motion
Wrist joint would be in the middle for range of motion

23
Q

What limits ROM: soft tissue

A

Connective tissue
Tendons, ligaments, fascia
Collagen: structure and support
Elastin: stretchy, ability
Muscle tissue- stretching elicits serial addition of sacromere, resulting in elongation of muscle
When we train ROM we made sacromeres longer

24
Q

What limits ROM: neural reflex

A

Proprioceptors
Muscle spindles- the proprioceptors are activated and will elicit stretch reflex and cause muscle contraction

25
Q

Other factors effecting flexibility: Age

A

Muscle fibres degenerate and are replaced with fibrous connective tissues

26
Q

Other factors effecting flexibility: Sex

A

Females generally more flexible than males across ages

27
Q

Other factors effecting flexibility: injury

A

Scar tissue causes shortening of muscle and decreases range of motion

28
Q

Other factors effecting flexibility: improper training techniques

A

ROM, balance

29
Q

Other factors effecting flexibility: poor posture

A

Carrying things on one side

30
Q

Other factors effecting flexibility: sedentary life

A

Long period of sitting/ standing/ shortening of muscle/ ligaments, restricted ROM

31
Q

Other factors effecting flexibility: body composition

A

Too much body fat, too much muscle mass

32
Q

Flexibility for fitness: FITT

A

F- Frequency: 3+ sessions per week
I- Intensity, creates muscle tension (not pain)
T- Type, dynamic, static, PNF
T- Time 5-60 minutes per session*
*depends on strecthing technique
5-15 min for dynamic sport warmup
15 plus for strict or PNF stretching to improve ROM

33
Q

Types of stretches: Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) Phases?

A

Phase 1- slowly stretching the muscle to its end range
Phase 2- isometrically contract stretched muscle for approx 7 seconds (puts additional; tension on tendons)
Phase 3- passively increases stretch of muscles and hold for approx 6 sec

34
Q

Advantage and disadvantages of PNF

A

Advantage- the isometric contraction of the stretch muscle increases the subsequent passive stretch
-very effective for increasing ROM

Disadvantage- needs experience partner and communication to avoid injury due to over stretching

35
Q

Static stretching

A

easy stretching, move slowly into the stretch and apply only a steady light pressure
-increased intensity of the pressure and continue to stretch-by-feel
-increase pressure further and hold 10-30 sec
Myotatic reflex- gives contraction against the stretch, once the muscle spindle fatigues this stops
Holding for at least ten seconds fatigues the muscle spindle

36
Q

Dynamic stretching

A

-dynamic movement and repeated movement
- movements often specific to a movement pattern
-movement at the end range of the stretch must be controlled to prevent injury

Static stretch- active range-butt kic

37
Q

Static stretch- active range

A

Butt kicks

38
Q

Static stretch- active passive range

A

Quad stretch (heel to butt)

39
Q

Dynamic - active range

A

Leg kicks, reach for toes

40
Q

Dynamic- passive range

A

Grass pickers

41
Q

Passive static

A

for tissue elongation

42
Q

Active static (is for…)

A

for tissue elongation and tissue strengthening ( contraction agonist while stretching antagonist)

43
Q

Passive dynamic

A

for tissue elongation; light bouncing stretch at end of range

44
Q

Active dynamic

A

for tissue elongation and tissue strengthening; recreated movements stretches at end range via agonist muscle contractions

45
Q

Avoid ballistic or uncontrolled dynamic

A

bouncing to the extreme end ROM
Disadvantages:
-a muslceetched to far and fast ma contact create opposing force and may cause a soft tissue injury
- jerking motions may create a force greater than extensibility leading to injury
-micro trauma leading to soreness

46
Q

Importance of flexibility: increase functional ROM

A

ability to navigate through life

47
Q

Importance of flexibility: Improved performance

A

something to consider; are we stretching to warm up or warming up to stretch

48
Q

Importance of flexibility: warm up phase

A

should be relevant/ specific to activity, typically dynamic, avoid static/ passive for speed sports -( it decreases speed); fatigues the muscle spindles effecting power

49
Q

Importance of flexibility: cool down phase

A

help fatigued muscles return to normal resting length and to more relaxed state
-may lessen strength gains if done immediately following strength training

50
Q

Importance of flexibility: injury prevention

A
  • enhances joint health
    -decline in flexibility it may cause poor posture leading to joint pain and backaches ect.
    -continuous excercise tightens and shortens muscles thus more vulnerable to injury
    -protection from common soft-tissue injuries (sprains, strains, tears) if inadequate ROM
51
Q

Importance of flexibility: rehabilitation of injury

A

-regular stretching should begin as soon as pain and swelling has been eliminated ( or flexibility loss in the injured joint)
- helps realign collagen fibres

52
Q

Who should stretch

A

Everyone

53
Q

When should you stretch

A

3x a week; if you are trying to improve: everyday, before after sport

54
Q

How should you stretch

A

static/dynamic passive and active; PNF (athletes, in rehab)

Kin 121 (21 decks)

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