Respiratory System (Book)

Question 1

Process by which particles of various sizes and shapes are trapped within specific regions of the respiratory tract

Answer 1

Deposition

Question 2

It is the process by which deposited particles are destroyed, neutralized, or removed from the mucosal surfaces

Answer 2

Clearance

Question 3

It is the difference between what is deposited and what is cleared from the respiratory tract

Answer 3

Retention

Question 4

Defense mechanisms of the conducting system

Answer 4

Mucocillary clearance, antibodies, lysozyme, mucus

Question 5

Defense mechanisms of the transitional system

Answer 5

Club cells, antioxidants, lysozyme, antibodies

Question 6

Main defense mechanism of the conducting system

Answer 6

Mucocillary clearance

Question 7

It is the scavenger system whereby gases are solubilized and subsequently cleared from the respiratory tract

Answer 7

Mucus

Question 8

It is an important mechanism for clearing the airways when cellular transport is reduced or mucus production is excessive

Answer 8

Coughing

Question 9

It is a respiratory pathogen that can infect the intestines after having been removed and swallowed from the respiratory tract into the alimentary system

Answer 9

Rhodococcus equi

Question 10

Main defense mechanisms of alveoli

Answer 10

Phagocytosis provided by the pulmonary alveolar macrophages and antimicrobial molecules of the alveolar lining fluid

Question 11

plays a prominent role in the innate defense mechanism against inhaled bacteria without the need of an inflammatory reaction

Answer 11

Alveolar phagocytosis

Question 12

Most abundant antibody in the nasal and tracheal secretions and prevents the attachment and absorption of antigens

Answer 12

IgA

Question 13

Antibodies that promote the update and destruction of inhaled pathogens by phagocytic cells or immune elimination

Answer 13

IgG, IgE, IgM

Question 14

Most abundant antibody in the alveolar surface and acts primarily as an opsonizing antibody for alveolar macrophages and neutrophils

Answer 14

IgG

Question 15

These are the cell responsible for the removal of circulating particles, bacteria, and endotoxin from the blood of ruminants cats, pigs, and horses

Answer 15

Pulmonary intravascular macrophage

Question 16

Human beings with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are notably susceptible to pneumonia caused by proliferation of what microorganism

Answer 16

Pneumocystis jirovecii

Question 17

It is the lack of communication between nasal cavity and pharynx

Answer 17

Choanal atresia

Question 18

Common sequelae to cleft palate

Answer 18

Bronchoaspiration and aspiration pneumonia

Question 19

The increased intraabdominal pressure which causes increased intrathoracic pressure impeding the venus return from the head and the neck

Answer 19

Bloat in ruminants

Question 20

Define epistaxis

Answer 20

Clinical term used to denote blood flow from the nose (nosebleed) regardless whether the blood originates from the nasal mucosa or from deep in the lungs such as in horses with exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage

Question 21

Define hemoptysis

Answer 21

It is the presence of blood in the sputum or saliva (coughing or splitting blood) and is most commonly the result of pneumonia, lung abscesses, ulcerative bronchitis, pulmonary thromboembolism or hemorrhage, and pulmonary neoplasia

Question 22

Inflammation of the nasal mucosa

Answer 22

Rhinitis

Question 23

Inflammation of the sinuses

Answer 23

Sinusitis

Question 24

Rhinitis and sinusitis usually occur together but this condition can be undetected

Answer 24

Mild sinusitis

Question 25

Rhinosinusitis clinically can be characterized by

Answer 25

Nasal discharge

Question 26

Its occurrence presupposes an upset in the balance of the normal microbial flora of the nasal cavity

Answer 26

Infectious rhinitis

Question 27

It is the mildest form of inflammation and caused by mild irritants, or cold air, and it occurs during the early stages of viral infections such as the common cold and human beings, upper respiratory tract infections in animals, or in mild allergic reactions

Answer 27

Serous rhinitis

Question 28

Exudate in cataral rhinitis is referred to as

Answer 28

Mucopurulent

Question 29

Causes a severe undestructive inflammatory process of the nasal, tonsillar, pharyngeal, and laryngeal mucosa

Answer 29

Diphtheritic

Question 30

It is a reaction in the nasal mucosa and submucosa that is characterized by infiltration of numerous activated macrophages mixed with a few lymphocytes and plasma cells

Answer 30

Granulomatous rhinitis

Question 31

It is generally associated with chronic allergic inflammation or infection with a specific organisms, such as fungi, tuberculosis, systemic mycosis and rhinospuridosis

Answer 31

Granulomatous rhinitis

Question 32

Rhinitis that cannot be determined

Answer 32

Granulomatous rhinitis

Question 33

Common medical problems in adult horses

Answer 33

Viral respiratory infections

Question 34

It leads to the formation of polyphoid nodules that in severe cases are large enough to cause obstruction of the nasal passages

Answer 34

Granulomatous rhinitis

Question 35

Caused by equine herpesviruses and manifested as a mild respiratory disease in weanling foals and young racehorses, as a neurologic disease or (myeloencephalopathy), or as abortion in mares

Answer 35

Equine viral rhinopneumonitis

Question 36

It is a common, highly contagious and self limiting upper respiratory infection of horses caused by aerogenous exposure to type A strains of influenza virus

Answer 36

Equine influenza

Question 37

It is infectious and highly contagious disease of Equidae that is caused by streptococcus equi characterized by suppurative rhinitis and lymphadenitis (mandibular and retropharyngeal lymph nodes) with occasional hematogenous dissemination to internal organs

Answer 37

Strangles

Question 38

What is the causative agent of meliodosis or pseudoglanders

Answer 38

Burkholderia pseudomallei (pseudomonas pseudomallei)

Question 39

Organisms which are the most common isolates in dogs with bacterial rhinitis

Answer 39

Bordetella bronchiseptica, E. Coli, Pasteurella multocida

Question 40

A common worldwide respiratory disease of cats caused by felid herpes virus 1

Answer 40

Feline viral rhinotracheitis

Question 41

Nasal neoplasms frequently affect cats and horses but most common in what species

Answer 41

Dogs

Question 42

A clinical term referring to increased air flow resistance caused by stenotic nostrils and nasal meatuses and excessively long soft palate

Answer 42

Brachycephalic airway syndrome

Question 43

It is considered as the most common respiratory nematodes of dogs, characterized by protruding nodules into the lumen at the tracheal bifurcation

Answer 43

Oslerus (Filaroides) osleri

Question 44

It is the most common laryngeal neoplasm in dogs

Answer 44

Papillomas and squamous cells carcinomas

Question 45

It can be obstructive that the neoplasm may cause change or loss of voice, cough, respiratory distress with cyanosis, collapse, and syncope

Answer 45

Laryngeal neoplasms

Question 46

It is common incidental finding in pigs and ruminants usually seen at slaughter characterized by black spots in various organs such as the lungs, meninges, intima of the aorta and caruncles of the uterus

Answer 46

Congenital melanosis