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ZZ3 Systemic Pathology > PPT 01 and 02 (Respiratory) > Flashcards

PPT 01 and 02 (Respiratory) Flashcards

1
Q

lined primarily by ciliated epithelium and goblet cells

A

conducting system

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2
Q

consists of alveoli that are lined by epithelial type I (membranous) and type II pneumonocytes

A

exchange system

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3
Q

a nasal flora that may cause shipping fever

A

Mannheimia haemolytica

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4
Q

a nasal flora that is responsible for atrophic rhinitis

A

bordetella bronchiseptica

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5
Q

nasal flora are not present in these regions

A

distal portion of respiratory system (bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli)

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6
Q

non specific defense mechanisms

A

air turbulences, mucus trapping, mucociliary clearance, phagocytosis, coughing, sneezing

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7
Q

defense mechanisms of conducting system

A

air turbulences, centrifugal forces, particle impaction, mucus entrapment, mucociliary clearance, IgA

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8
Q

first line of defense created by nasal turbinates

A

air turbulence and centrifugal forces

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9
Q

particle size that can enter the nasal cavity

A

greater than 10 micometer

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10
Q

particle size that can enter alveoli

A

less than 2 micrometer

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11
Q

present in bronchial bifurcations that help produce immune cells

A

bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue

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12
Q

main effector cell in the inflammatory process of the lung through production of cytokines

A

pulmonary alveolar macrophage

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13
Q

medical term that describes a nose bleed

A

epistaxis

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14
Q

coughing up blood or presence of blood in mouth, saliva or sputum

A

hemoptysis

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15
Q

frequent indicator of nasal trauma or nasal neoplasia

A

epistaxis

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16
Q

In cattle, epistaxis-hemoptysis is often associated with?

A

ruptured pulmonary vessel (aneurysm)

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17
Q

In horses, epistaxis is also seen in?

A

exercise induces pulmonary hemorrhage and ethmoid hematoma

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18
Q

an important condition in older horses clinically characterized by chronic, progressive and generally unilateral nasal bleeding

A

ethmoid hematoma

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19
Q

Nasal congestion or nasal hemorrhage is commonly seen following exposure to irritant gases such as

A

ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen dioxide

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20
Q

steps of cell injury, degeneration and repair

A

Cell injury, degeneration, detachment, exfoliation, inflammation, mitosis, repair

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21
Q

injury and repair of nasal mucosa takes how many days

A

14 days

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22
Q

lungs can be exposed to bacterial aerosols but within how many hours will all bacteria be destroyed and removed from the lung

A

24 hours

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23
Q

appears as a single, pedunculated tumor-like, soft mass arising from ethmoid conchae

A

ethmoid hematoma

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24
Q

factors that reduce the pulmonary defense mechanism and predispose the lung ot secondary bacterial pneumonia

A

virus, stress, dehydration, lung edema, uremia, ammonia, and immunodeficiency

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25
Q

Nasal congestion and hyperemia are frequently seen in?

A

bloat, toxemia, sepsis, rhinitis

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26
Q

nasal hemorrhages are common in?

A

domestic animals

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27
Q

Common causes of epistaxis in horses

A

ethmoid hematoma, exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage

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28
Q

In all species nasal tumors and rhinitis are also causes of

A

epistaxis

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29
Q

implications of purulent rhinitis

A

pyogenic organisms

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30
Q

mucus secretions due to goblet cell hyperplasis and indicates chronic irriration to moderate injury

A

catarrhal exudate

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31
Q

rhinitis which is due to severe injury to mucosa

A

fibrinous

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32
Q

rhinitis with accumulation of macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells and CT

A

granulomatous

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33
Q

an important equine disease that may occur as an outbreak with high morbidity

A

strangles

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34
Q

causative agents of strangles

A

Streptococcus equi

35
Q

Strangles involvement of retro pharyngeal lymph nodes can
compress laryngeal nerves and cause secondary

A

laryngeal hemiplegia

36
Q

strangles that metastasis to internal organs

A

bastards strangles

37
Q

most common organisms that cause secondary bacterial rhinitis resulting to mucopurulent rhinitis in dogs

A

bordetella bronchiseptica, E. coli, Streptococci, Staphylococci

38
Q

viruses causing canine upper respiratory infections

A

Canine distemper, Canine adenovirus, canine infectious parainfluenza

39
Q

Viral rhinitis are generally acute and transient and can cause a highly contagious condition referred to as

A

kennel cough

40
Q

virus, chlamydia and mycotic organisms causing rhinitis and conjuctivitis in cats

A

feline calicivirus, feline infectious rhinotracheitis, chlamydiophila pssitaci, cryptococcus neoformans

41
Q

organisms that cause feline rhinitis-sinusitis-conjuctivitis

A

FHV-1, Feline calicivirus, Chlamydophila pssitaci

42
Q

Granulomatous rhinitis is typically associated to organisms that survive phagocytosis such aa

A

Mycobacterium spp, Crytococcus, Blastomyces

43
Q

a protist that can cause multilobulated granuloma

A

Rhinosporidium seeberi

44
Q

a disease caused by Herpes virus in piglets less than 2 weeks old

A

Inclusion body rhinitis

45
Q

sequels to rhinitis

A

sinusitis, meningitis and encephalitis, otitis, guttural pouch empyema, lymphadenitis

46
Q

accumulation of mucus

47
Q

sinusitis in cattle can be caused by?

A

improper dehorning

48
Q

accumulation of mucus in guttural pouch

A

guttural pouch mucocele

49
Q

accumulation of pus in guttural pouch due to pyogenic organisms

A

guttural pouch empyema

50
Q

Other common abnormalities of guttural pouches that is characterized by an abnormal accumulation of air

51
Q

Clinical signs of guttural pouch empyema

A

intermittent nasal discharge, enlargement of retro pharyngeal lymph nodes, and parotid swelling

52
Q

sequels to guttural pouch mycosis

A

epistaxis, thromboembolism with ataxia, blindness, injury to cranial nerves

53
Q

clinical signs of rhinitis and sinusitis

A

sneezing, wheezing, stertos, nasal discharge, unilateral or bilateral

54
Q

common affected by nasal tumors

A

dogs and cats

55
Q

epithelial tumors of nasal passages

A

adenoma, carcinoma

56
Q

nasal tumors can result to

A

craniofacial deformation, exophthalmia, metastasis

57
Q

most common nasal stromal tumors

A

fibrosarcoma, osteocarcoma, chondrosarcoma

58
Q

most common nasal epithelial tumors

A

carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma

59
Q

signs and diagnosis of nasal tumors

A

persistent nasal discharge, epistaxis, airflow obstruction, facial deformity, exophthalmia, neurological signs

60
Q

causative agent of necrotic laryngitis or calf diphtheria as a result of secondary infection

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

61
Q

fusobacterium necrophorum in pigs are restricted in the oral mucosa and referred to as?

A

oral necrobacillosis

62
Q

there are presence of plaques of purulent exudate on the surface of the tracheal mucosa

A

suppurative tracheitis

63
Q

suppurative tracheitis are seen in what virus infection of cattle

A

IBR,BRSV, PI-3

64
Q

a metastrongyle nematode found worldwide that generally affects young dogs

A

Oslerus osleri

65
Q

organism causing verminous pneumonia in bovines

A

Dictyocaulus viviparus

66
Q

organism causing verminous pneumonia in ovine

A

dictyocaulus filariae

67
Q

organism causing verminous pneumonia in porcine

A

metastrongylus apri

68
Q

organism causing verminous pneumonia in foxes and dogs

A

cronosoma vulpis

69
Q

other terms for parasitic bronchitis

A

verminous pneumonia or verminous bronchitis

70
Q

typically implies severe mucosal injury with leakage of fibrinogen from blood vessels.

A

fibrinous rhinitis

71
Q

primary causes of rhinitis in cats

A

Feline calicivirus, Feline Infectious Rhinotracheitis, Chlamydophila spp and Cryptococcus neoformans

72
Q

common secondary pathogens in feline rhinitis.

A

Bordetella bronchiseptica, E. coli and Streptococcus spp

73
Q

causes rhinitis, lymphadenitis and guttural pouch empyema in horses

74
Q

cause nasty sequels such as sinusitis, meningitis, lymphadenitis in all species, and guttural pouch empyema in horses

75
Q

transient infection of young piglets caused by herpesCytomegalovirus

A

Inclusion body rhinitis

76
Q

world wide disease characterized by inflammation and atrophy of the nasal turbinates

A

atrophic rhinitis

77
Q

etiologies of atrophic rhinitis

A

Pasteurella multocida and Bordetella bronchiseptica

78
Q

accumulation of mucus in sinuses

A

sinus mucocele

79
Q

purulent exudate in sinuses

A

sinus empyema

80
Q

ventral dilations of the auditory (Eustachian) tubes in horses

A

guttural pouches

81
Q

e most common guttural pouch problems

A

emypema, mucocele, tympany, mycosis, hemorrhage

82
Q

often produce nasal discharge mimicking rhinitis or may induce exophthalmia or craniofacial deformation

A

nasal tumors

83
Q

fibrinonecrotic inflammation of the larynx that in some cases results in airway obstruction, aspiration of exudate into the lungs and only rarely in septicemia known as fusobacteremia

A

Necrotic laryngitis or Calf diphtheria

84
Q

parasitic disease of dogs and other carnivores characterized by the presence of large nodules in the tracheobronchial bifurcation

A

Oslerus osleri

ZZ3 Systemic Pathology (16 decks)

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