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ZZ3 Systemic Pathology > PPT 01 and 02 (Respiratory) > Flashcards

PPT 01 and 02 (Respiratory) Flashcards

1
Q

lined primarily by ciliated epithelium and goblet cells

A

conducting system

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2
Q

consists of alveoli that are lined by epithelial type I (membranous) and type II pneumonocytes

A

exchange system

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3
Q

a nasal flora that may cause shipping fever

A

Mannheimia haemolytica

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4
Q

a nasal flora that is responsible for atrophic rhinitis

A

bordetella bronchiseptica

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5
Q

nasal flora are not present in these regions

A

distal portion of respiratory system (bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli)

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6
Q

non specific defense mechanisms

A

air turbulences, mucus trapping, mucociliary clearance, phagocytosis, coughing, sneezing

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7
Q

defense mechanisms of conducting system

A

air turbulences, centrifugal forces, particle impaction, mucus entrapment, mucociliary clearance, IgA

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8
Q

first line of defense created by nasal turbinates

A

air turbulence and centrifugal forces

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9
Q

particle size that can enter the nasal cavity

A

greater than 10 micometer

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10
Q

particle size that can enter alveoli

A

less than 2 micrometer

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11
Q

present in bronchial bifurcations that help produce immune cells

A

bronchial-associated lymphoid tissue

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12
Q

main effector cell in the inflammatory process of the lung through production of cytokines

A

pulmonary alveolar macrophage

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13
Q

medical term that describes a nose bleed

A

epistaxis

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14
Q

coughing up blood or presence of blood in mouth, saliva or sputum

A

hemoptysis

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15
Q

frequent indicator of nasal trauma or nasal neoplasia

A

epistaxis

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16
Q

In cattle, epistaxis-hemoptysis is often associated with?

A

ruptured pulmonary vessel (aneurysm)

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17
Q

In horses, epistaxis is also seen in?

A

exercise induces pulmonary hemorrhage and ethmoid hematoma

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18
Q

an important condition in older horses clinically characterized by chronic, progressive and generally unilateral nasal bleeding

A

ethmoid hematoma

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19
Q

Nasal congestion or nasal hemorrhage is commonly seen following exposure to irritant gases such as

A

ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen dioxide

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20
Q

steps of cell injury, degeneration and repair

A

Cell injury, degeneration, detachment, exfoliation, inflammation, mitosis, repair

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21
Q

injury and repair of nasal mucosa takes how many days

A

14 days

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22
Q

lungs can be exposed to bacterial aerosols but within how many hours will all bacteria be destroyed and removed from the lung

A

24 hours

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23
Q

appears as a single, pedunculated tumor-like, soft mass arising from ethmoid conchae

A

ethmoid hematoma

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24
Q

factors that reduce the pulmonary defense mechanism and predispose the lung ot secondary bacterial pneumonia

A

virus, stress, dehydration, lung edema, uremia, ammonia, and immunodeficiency

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25
Nasal congestion and hyperemia are frequently seen in?
bloat, toxemia, sepsis, rhinitis
26
nasal hemorrhages are common in?
domestic animals
27
Common causes of epistaxis in horses
ethmoid hematoma, exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage
28
In all species nasal tumors and rhinitis are also causes of
epistaxis
29
implications of purulent rhinitis
pyogenic organisms
30
mucus secretions due to goblet cell hyperplasis and indicates chronic irriration to moderate injury
catarrhal exudate
31
rhinitis which is due to severe injury to mucosa
fibrinous
32
rhinitis with accumulation of macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells and CT
granulomatous
33
an important equine disease that may occur as an outbreak with high morbidity
strangles
34
causative agents of strangles
Streptococcus equi
35
Strangles involvement of retro pharyngeal lymph nodes can compress laryngeal nerves and cause secondary
laryngeal hemiplegia
36
strangles that metastasis to internal organs
bastards strangles
37
most common organisms that cause secondary bacterial rhinitis resulting to mucopurulent rhinitis in dogs
bordetella bronchiseptica, E. coli, Streptococci, Staphylococci
38
viruses causing canine upper respiratory infections
Canine distemper, Canine adenovirus, canine infectious parainfluenza
39
Viral rhinitis are generally acute and transient and can cause a highly contagious condition referred to as
kennel cough
40
virus, chlamydia and mycotic organisms causing rhinitis and conjuctivitis in cats
feline calicivirus, feline infectious rhinotracheitis, chlamydiophila pssitaci, cryptococcus neoformans
41
organisms that cause feline rhinitis-sinusitis-conjuctivitis
FHV-1, Feline calicivirus, Chlamydophila pssitaci
42
Granulomatous rhinitis is typically associated to organisms that survive phagocytosis such aa
Mycobacterium spp, Crytococcus, Blastomyces
43
a protist that can cause multilobulated granuloma
Rhinosporidium seeberi
44
a disease caused by Herpes virus in piglets less than 2 weeks old
Inclusion body rhinitis
45
sequels to rhinitis
sinusitis, meningitis and encephalitis, otitis, guttural pouch empyema, lymphadenitis
46
accumulation of mucus
mucocele
47
sinusitis in cattle can be caused by?
improper dehorning
48
accumulation of mucus in guttural pouch
guttural pouch mucocele
49
accumulation of pus in guttural pouch due to pyogenic organisms
guttural pouch empyema
50
Other common abnormalities of guttural pouches that is characterized by an abnormal accumulation of air
tympani
51
Clinical signs of guttural pouch empyema
intermittent nasal discharge, enlargement of retro pharyngeal lymph nodes, and parotid swelling
52
sequels to guttural pouch mycosis
epistaxis, thromboembolism with ataxia, blindness, injury to cranial nerves
53
clinical signs of rhinitis and sinusitis
sneezing, wheezing, stertos, nasal discharge, unilateral or bilateral
54
common affected by nasal tumors
dogs and cats
55
epithelial tumors of nasal passages
adenoma, carcinoma
56
nasal tumors can result to
craniofacial deformation, exophthalmia, metastasis
57
most common nasal stromal tumors
fibrosarcoma, osteocarcoma, chondrosarcoma
58
most common nasal epithelial tumors
carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma
59
signs and diagnosis of nasal tumors
persistent nasal discharge, epistaxis, airflow obstruction, facial deformity, exophthalmia, neurological signs
60
causative agent of necrotic laryngitis or calf diphtheria as a result of secondary infection
Fusobacterium necrophorum
61
fusobacterium necrophorum in pigs are restricted in the oral mucosa and referred to as?
oral necrobacillosis
62
there are presence of plaques of purulent exudate on the surface of the tracheal mucosa
suppurative tracheitis
63
suppurative tracheitis are seen in what virus infection of cattle
IBR,BRSV, PI-3
64
a metastrongyle nematode found worldwide that generally affects young dogs
Oslerus osleri
65
organism causing verminous pneumonia in bovines
Dictyocaulus viviparus
66
organism causing verminous pneumonia in ovine
dictyocaulus filariae
67
organism causing verminous pneumonia in porcine
metastrongylus apri
68
organism causing verminous pneumonia in foxes and dogs
cronosoma vulpis
69
other terms for parasitic bronchitis
verminous pneumonia or verminous bronchitis
70
typically implies severe mucosal injury with leakage of fibrinogen from blood vessels.
fibrinous rhinitis
71
primary causes of rhinitis in cats
Feline calicivirus, Feline Infectious Rhinotracheitis, Chlamydophila spp and Cryptococcus neoformans
72
common secondary pathogens in feline rhinitis.
Bordetella bronchiseptica, E. coli and Streptococcus spp
73
causes rhinitis, lymphadenitis and guttural pouch empyema in horses
Strangles
74
cause nasty sequels such as sinusitis, meningitis, lymphadenitis in all species, and guttural pouch empyema in horses
rhinitis
75
transient infection of young piglets caused by herpesCytomegalovirus
Inclusion body rhinitis
76
world wide disease characterized by inflammation and atrophy of the nasal turbinates
atrophic rhinitis
77
etiologies of atrophic rhinitis
Pasteurella multocida and Bordetella bronchiseptica
78
accumulation of mucus in sinuses
sinus mucocele
79
purulent exudate in sinuses
sinus empyema
80
ventral dilations of the auditory (Eustachian) tubes in horses
guttural pouches
81
e most common guttural pouch problems
emypema, mucocele, tympany, mycosis, hemorrhage
82
often produce nasal discharge mimicking rhinitis or may induce exophthalmia or craniofacial deformation
nasal tumors
83
fibrinonecrotic inflammation of the larynx that in some cases results in airway obstruction, aspiration of exudate into the lungs and only rarely in septicemia known as fusobacteremia
Necrotic laryngitis or Calf diphtheria
84
parasitic disease of dogs and other carnivores characterized by the presence of large nodules in the tracheobronchial bifurcation
Oslerus osleri

ZZ3 Systemic Pathology (16 decks)

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