PPT 03 and PPT 04 (Respiratory)

Question 1

most important diseases in which the lesion is centered primarily in bronchioles

Answer 1

feline asthma, equine heaves

Question 2

bronchioles do not have these structures

Answer 2

cartilage, glands, goblet cells, mucociliary apparatus

Question 3

Chronic bronchiolar injury induces

Answer 3

goblet cell metaplasia

Question 4

other terms for equine heaves

Answer 4

Recurrent airway Obstruction, Equine chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 5

characterized by airflow obstruction that eventually leads to alveolar emphysema

Answer 5

heaves

Question 6

abdominal muscle hypertrophy of horse with heaves

Answer 6

heave line

Question 7

color of a normal lung varies depending on several factors such as

Answer 7

ex-sanguation, hypostatic congestion, autolysis, postmortem imbibitions

Question 8

where oxygen and carbon dioxides are exchanged in the lung

Answer 8

air blood barrier

Question 9

deposition and retention of carbon particles in the lung

Answer 9

anthracosis

Question 10

generic term used to denote deposition of any particle such as carbon in anthracosis

Answer 10

pneumoconiosis

Question 11

a passive accumulation of blood in pulmonary vessels and capillaries

Answer 11

pulmonary congestion

Question 12

allergic disease to inhaled dust and Mucus plug allergens that causes mild bronchiolar inflammation but severe goblet cell metaplasia and airway obstruction

Answer 12

heaves

Question 13

alveolar macrophages filled with hemosiderin pigment from phagocitized RBCs

Answer 13

heart failure cells

Question 14

heart failure cells are best demonstrated by?

Answer 14

prussian blue stain

Question 15

most common exogenous pigmentation in the lungs of domestic animals

Answer 15

anthracosis

Question 16

occurs when an abscess erodes a major pulmonary vessel

Answer 16

ruptured pulmonary aneurism

Question 17

common causes of pulmonary hemorrhages in domestic animals

Answer 17

congestive heart failure, pulmonary contusion, lung embolism, pulmonary aneurism

Question 18

characterized by accumulation of fluid in pulmonary interstitium and alveoli.

Answer 18

pulmonary edema

Question 19

Underlying mechanisms responsible for lung edema

Answer 19

increased vascular permeability, increased hydrostatic pressure, lymphatic obstruction

Question 20

formed when the protein-containing fluid in airways is mixed with air following vigorous inspiratory movements

Answer 20

foam

Question 21

Foam in nostrils and mouth is often seen in animals dying of

Answer 21

severe pulmonary edema

Question 22

where fluid accumulates in the lung because of cardiac failure

Answer 22

cardiogenic edema

Question 23

edema resulting from altered vascular permeability

Answer 23

non-cardiogenic edema

Question 24

good indicator of severe pulmonary edema at postmortem is the presence of

Answer 24

frothy fluids

Question 25

refers to lack of air in the lungs either because no air could enter at the time of birth or because a previously inflated lung looses the air

Answer 25

atelectasis

Question 26

congenital atelectasis is a condition in pediatric medicine as?

Answer 26

neonatal distress syndrome

Question 27

abnormal and permanent enlargement of alveoli with destruction of walls

Answer 27

pulmonary emphysema

Question 28

reversible limited enlargement without destruction of alveolar walls is called as

Answer 28

hyperinflation

Question 29

results from the effects of elastases and other proteolytic enzymes

Answer 29

alveolar emphysema

Question 30

common etiologies of suppurative bronchopneumonia

Answer 30

bacteria, mycoplasma, aspiration of bland material

Question 31

three types of lung emphysema

Answer 31

alveolar, interstitial, bullous

Question 32

most common sequels of suppurative bronchopneumonia

Answer 32

Cranioventral abscesses and bronchiectasis

Question 33

rupture and dilation of bronchi due to enzymatic and destructive effect of neutrophils and macrophages on the bronchial wall

Answer 33

bronchiecstasis

Question 34

highly pathogenic bacteria causing fibrinous bronchopneumonia

Answer 34

Mannheima haemolytica, Actinobacillus pleuropneuomoniae

Question 35

sequels to fibrinous bronchopneumonia

Answer 35

seqeustrum, pleural adhesions

Question 36

a large piece of necrotic lung that becomes isolated from the surrounding pulmonary tissue

Answer 36

lung sequestrum

Question 37

most difficult type of pneumonia to diagnose grossly

Answer 37

interstitial pneumonia

Question 38

In chronic cases, interstitial pneumonia may progress to interstitial fibrosis and the lesion is often called

Answer 38

fibrosing alveolitis

Question 39

sequel to embolic pneumonia

Answer 39

pulmonary abscesses

Question 40

etiologies of granulomatous pneumonia

Answer 40

mycobacterium, systemic mycoses, parasitic ova, trapped food particles, dead parasites

Question 41

clinico-epidemiological term that corresponds with a sub-acute to chronic suppurative bronchopneumonia in young calves raised in confinement

Answer 41

enzootic pneumonia

Question 42

number one cause of feedlot mortality in North America.

Answer 42

shipping fever

Question 43

other term for shipping fever

Answer 43

bovine pneumonic mannheimiosis

Question 44

basic lesion of interstitial pneumonia

Answer 44

thickening of alveolar septa

Question 45

part of the normal vaginal flora but it is also involved in respiratory Histophilosis in cattle

Answer 45

histophilus somni

Question 46

what type of pnuemonia is present in shipping fever

Answer 46

fibrinous pneumonia

Question 47

type of pneumonia present in ovine enzootic pneumonia

Answer 47

suppurative pneumonia

Question 48

ovine enzootic pneumonia can cause what specific hyperplasia

Answer 48

BALT hyperplasia

Question 49

pneumonia present in porcine enzootic pneumonia

Answer 49

suppurative pneumonia

Question 50

pneumonia present in porcine pleuropneumonia

Answer 50

fibrinous bronchopneumonia

Question 51

common in dogs with parvovirus and cats with panleukopenia

Answer 51

aspiration pneumonia

Question 52

diseases that cause interstitial pneumonia

Answer 52

Viral pneumonia, PRRS, Canine Distemper, Feline calicivirus, Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia,