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Year 1 Medicine > Respiratory System Anatomy > Flashcards

Respiratory System Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Epithelial lining of the alveoli consists mainly of…

A

type I pneumocytes

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2
Q

Type II pneumocytes contain..

A

lamellar vacuoles

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3
Q

What is the source of surfactants?

A

lamellar vacuoles

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4
Q

Diaphragm covered by ___ above

A

parietal pleura

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5
Q

Diaphragm covered by ___ below

A

peritoneum

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6
Q

What part of the diaphragm does the inferior vena cava pierce?

A

central tendon

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7
Q

Where do diaphragm muscle fibres arise?

A

lower ribs, insert into central tendon

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8
Q

What is the diaphragm innervated by?

A

phrenic nerve C3,4,5

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9
Q

Where does the right crus arise?

A

L1-L3 vertebrae

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10
Q

Where does the left crus arise?

A

L1-L2 vertebrae

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11
Q

What is the extra function of the right crus?

A

surround oesophageal hiatus
prevent reflux of gastric contents
into oesophagus

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12
Q

Diaphragm blood supply arteries (4)

A

inferior phrenic
superior phrenic
pericardiacophrenic
musculophrenic arteries

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13
Q

What do the inferior phrenic arteries branch from?

A

abdominal aorta

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14
Q

What are primary cartilaginous joints?

A

hyaline cartilage

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15
Q

What are secondary cartilaginous joints?

A

fibrocartilage

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16
Q

What does bronchial circulation arise from?

A

descending aorta

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17
Q

in interstitial space between alveolar cells and capillary endothelium of pulmonary arterioles

A

lymphatic channels located in respiratory system

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18
Q 
pulmonary
subcarinal
bronchopulmonary
superior tracheobronchial
paratracheal
A

Five main groups of tracheobronchial lymph nodes

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19
Q

What is the parietal pleura innervated by?

A

intercostal

phrenic nerves

20
Q

Which ribs have 3 articulations?

A

rib II to IX

21
Q

The three articulations of ribs

A

body of own vertebra
body of vertebra above
transverse process of its vertebra

22
Q

Which ribs articulate with sternum

A

rib I to VII

23
Q

What is the plane that separates the superior mediastinum and inferior mediastinum?

A

TIV/V

24
Q

Where does the trachea bifurcate?

A

TIV/V

25
Q

Most to least superior structure in intercostal space?

A

vein
artery
nerve

26
Q

What is part of the upper respiratory tract?

A

nose
nasal cavity
pharynx
larynx

27
Q

What is part of the lower respiratory tract?

A

trachea
bronchi
lungs

28
Q

external intercostals
interchondral part of internal intercostals
diaphragm

A

Muscles of inspiration, principle

29
Q

sternocleidomastoid
scalenes
serratus anterior
pectoral muscles

A

Muscles of inspiration, forced breathing

30
Q

internal intercostals
thoracic wall muscles
abdominal muscles

A

Muscles of expiration, forced breathing

31
Q

What are

external, internal, innermost intercostals
transversus thoracis
subcostals

involved in?

A

Thoracic wall muscles involved in expiration

32
Q

Where does the quadratus lumborum attach?

A

iliac crest
12th rib
transverse process L1-L4

33
Q

Function of quadratus lumborum during inspiration?

A

supports 12th rib

34
Q

Visceral pleura covers…

A

the lung

35
Q

Parietal pleura covers…

A

internal walls of thoracic cavity

36
Q

Where is the costodiaphragmatic recess located?

A

located between costal and diaphragmatic pleura, inferiorly

37
Q

Where is the costomediastinal recess located?

A

costal and mediastinal layers of parietal pleura,

anteriorly

38
Q

What is the larynx suspended from?

A

hyoid bone

39
Q

Which vertebral levels correspond to the larynx?

A

C3-C6

40
Q

epiglottis
thyroid cartilage
cricoid cartilage

A

Unpaired cartilages of the larynx (3)

41
Q

arytenoid
corniculate
cuneiform

A

Paired cartilages of the larynx

42
Q 
median & lateral thyrohyoid
hyo-epiglottic
thyro-epiglottic
cricotracheal
median cricothyroid
A

Extrinsic ligaments of the larynx

43
Q

cricothyroid

quadrangular membrane

A

Intrinsic ligaments of the larynx

44
Q

mucous membrane covering arypiglottic muscle and lateral borders of laryngeal inlet

A

Function of the aryepiglottic fold

45
Q

false vocal chord
mucosa covering vestibular ligament
superior to vocal fold

A

Function of vestibular fold

46
Q

mucosa covering vocal ligament

adduction of vocal folds closes the airways

A

Function of vocal fold

Year 1 Medicine (25 decks)

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