Respiratory System Anatomy

Question 1

Epithelial lining of the alveoli consists mainly of…

Answer 1

type I pneumocytes

Question 2

Type II pneumocytes contain..

Answer 2

lamellar vacuoles

Question 3

What is the source of surfactants?

Answer 3

lamellar vacuoles

Question 4

Diaphragm covered by ___ above

Answer 4

parietal pleura

Question 5

Diaphragm covered by ___ below

Answer 5

peritoneum

Question 6

What part of the diaphragm does the inferior vena cava pierce?

Answer 6

central tendon

Question 7

Where do diaphragm muscle fibres arise?

Answer 7

lower ribs, insert into central tendon

Question 8

What is the diaphragm innervated by?

Answer 8

phrenic nerve C3,4,5

Question 9

Where does the right crus arise?

Answer 9

L1-L3 vertebrae

Question 10

Where does the left crus arise?

Answer 10

L1-L2 vertebrae

Question 11

What is the extra function of the right crus?

Answer 11

surround oesophageal hiatus
prevent reflux of gastric contents
into oesophagus

Question 12

Diaphragm blood supply arteries (4)

Answer 12

inferior phrenic
superior phrenic
pericardiacophrenic
musculophrenic arteries

Question 13

What do the inferior phrenic arteries branch from?

Answer 13

abdominal aorta

Question 14

What are primary cartilaginous joints?

Answer 14

hyaline cartilage

Question 15

What are secondary cartilaginous joints?

Answer 15

fibrocartilage

Question 16

What does bronchial circulation arise from?

Answer 16

descending aorta

Question 17

in interstitial space between alveolar cells and capillary endothelium of pulmonary arterioles

Answer 17

lymphatic channels located in respiratory system

Question 18

pulmonary
subcarinal
bronchopulmonary
superior tracheobronchial
paratracheal

Answer 18

Five main groups of tracheobronchial lymph nodes

Question 19

What is the parietal pleura innervated by?

Answer 19

intercostal

phrenic nerves

Question 20

Which ribs have 3 articulations?

Answer 20

rib II to IX

Question 21

The three articulations of ribs

Answer 21

body of own vertebra
body of vertebra above
transverse process of its vertebra

Question 22

Which ribs articulate with sternum

Answer 22

rib I to VII

Question 23

What is the plane that separates the superior mediastinum and inferior mediastinum?

Answer 23

TIV/V

Question 24

Where does the trachea bifurcate?

Answer 24

TIV/V

Question 25

Most to least superior structure in intercostal space?

Answer 25

vein artery nerve

Question 26

What is part of the upper respiratory tract?

Answer 26

nose nasal cavity pharynx larynx

Question 27

What is part of the lower respiratory tract?

Answer 27

trachea bronchi lungs

Question 28

external intercostals interchondral part of internal intercostals diaphragm

Answer 28

Muscles of inspiration, principle

Question 29

sternocleidomastoid scalenes serratus anterior pectoral muscles

Answer 29

Muscles of inspiration, forced breathing

Question 30

internal intercostals thoracic wall muscles abdominal muscles

Answer 30

Muscles of expiration, forced breathing

Question 31

What are external, internal, innermost intercostals transversus thoracis subcostals involved in?

Answer 31

Thoracic wall muscles involved in expiration

Question 32

Where does the quadratus lumborum attach?

Answer 32

iliac crest 12th rib transverse process L1-L4

Question 33

Function of quadratus lumborum during inspiration?

Answer 33

supports 12th rib

Question 34

Visceral pleura covers...

Answer 34

the lung

Question 35

Parietal pleura covers...

Answer 35

internal walls of thoracic cavity

Question 36

Where is the costodiaphragmatic recess located?

Answer 36

located between costal and diaphragmatic pleura, inferiorly

Question 37

Where is the costomediastinal recess located?

Answer 37

costal and mediastinal layers of parietal pleura, | anteriorly

Question 38

What is the larynx suspended from?

Answer 38

hyoid bone

Question 39

Which vertebral levels correspond to the larynx?

Answer 39

C3-C6

Question 40

epiglottis thyroid cartilage cricoid cartilage

Answer 40

Unpaired cartilages of the larynx (3)

Question 41

arytenoid corniculate cuneiform

Answer 41

Paired cartilages of the larynx

Question 42

``` median & lateral thyrohyoid hyo-epiglottic thyro-epiglottic cricotracheal median cricothyroid ```

Answer 42

Extrinsic ligaments of the larynx

Question 43

cricothyroid | quadrangular membrane

Answer 43

Intrinsic ligaments of the larynx

Question 44

mucous membrane covering arypiglottic muscle and lateral borders of laryngeal inlet

Answer 44

Function of the aryepiglottic fold

Question 45

false vocal chord mucosa covering vestibular ligament superior to vocal fold

Answer 45

Function of vestibular fold

Question 46

mucosa covering vocal ligament | adduction of vocal folds closes the airways

Answer 46

Function of vocal fold