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Year 1 Medicine > Antiepileptic Drugs > Flashcards

Antiepileptic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is Sodium Valproate effective for?

A

infantile epilepsy

adolescents with tonic-clonic, myoclonic or absence seizures

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2
Q

Sodium Valproate mechanism of action

A

increase GABA, blocking GABA transaminase
inhibits sodium channels
inhibits T-type calcium channels

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3
Q

Side effects of Sodium Valproate (4)

A

thinning and curling of the hair
hepatotoxicity
teratogen
thrombocytopenia

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4
Q

What is Ethosuximide effective for?

A

absence seizures

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5
Q

Ethosuximide mechanism of action

A

inhibition of T-type calcium channels

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6
Q

Ethosuximide side effects (5)

A 
nausea
anorexia
lethargy
dizziness
may precipitate tonic-clonic seizures
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7
Q

Examples of Sodium Channel Blockers

A

Phenytoin
Carbamazepine
Lamotrigine

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8
Q

What is Phenytoin useful for?

A

Focal and Secondary Generalised Seizures

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9
Q

Phenytoin mechanism of action

A

prevents repetitive firing of neurones

prevents paroxysmal depolarising shift

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10
Q

Phenytoin side effects (5)

A 
ataxia
confusion
incoordination
megaloblastic anaemia
coarse facial appearance and acne
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11
Q

Carbamazepine side effects (4)

A

drowsiness
hyponatraemia
confusion
incoordination

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12
Q

What is Lamotrigine useful for?

A

absence seizures

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13
Q

Lamotrigine side effects (5)

A 
nausea
dizziness
ataxia
hypersensitivity reactions
toxic epidermal necrolysis
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14
Q

Function of activating GABAA receptors

A

prevent spread of seizure focus

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15
Q

Drugs that activate GABAA receptors

A

Benzodiazepines
Phenobarbital
Vigabatrin

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16
Q

Mechanism of action of Phenobarbital

A

increases duration of channel opening

17
Q

Mechanism of action of Vigabatrin

A

inhibits GABA breakdown via GABA transaminase

18
Q

What is Vigabatrin useful for?

A

resistant forms of epilepsy

19
Q

Mechanism of action of Gabapentin, Pregabalin

A

blocks HVA Ca2+ channels

reduce neurotransmitter release

20
Q

What is Gabapentin, Pregabalin useful for?

A

focal seizures

21
Q

Felbamate mechanism of action

A

inhibits NMDA receptors (glutamate)

22
Q

Why is Felbamate restricted to unresponsive epilepsy?

A

risk of aplastic anaemia

liver failure

Year 1 Medicine (25 decks)

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