Anatomy of Liver, Gallbladder and Pancreas Flashcards
What does the liver store?
glycogen
What does the parietal layer of the peritoneum cover?
internal surface of abdominal wall
What does the visceral layer of the peritoneum cover?
abdominal organs
What is the peritoneal cavity divided into?
lesser sac/omental bursa
greater sac
How do the two sacs comunicate?
omental/epiploic foramen
What is the greater sac further subdivided into?
supracolic region
infracolic region
pelvic region
Recesses of the supracolic region
subphrenic
subhepatic
hepatorenal
Where do the hepatocytes secrete bile?
bile canaliculi
Where do the canaliculi drain into
small interlobular biliary ducts
What makes up the bile duct?
common hepatic duct
cystic duct
What does the bile duct come into contact with?
main pancreatic duct
Exocrine secretion of pancreas
pancreatic juice from acinar cells
Endocrine secretion of pancreas
glucagon
insulin
from pancreatic islets of Langerhans
Five parts of the pancreas
tail body neck head uncinate process
What vertebral level does the pancreas lie at?
anterior to L1 and L2 vertebral
What forms the portal vein?
superior mesenteric vein
splenic vein
3 main branches of the abdominal aorta
coeliac trunk
superior mesenteric artery
inferior mesenteric artery
What does the coeliac trunk supply?
foregut structures
What does the superior mesenteric artery supply?
midgut structures
What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?
hindgut structures
What supplies blood to the liver?
portal vein
left and right hepatic arteries
What supplies blood to the gallbladder?
cystic artery
What is the cystic artery a branch of?
right hepatic artery
What is the main channel of the portal venous system?
hepatic portal vein
What is the hepatic portal vein formed of?
superior mesenteric
splenic veins
Where does the union of superior mesenteric and splenic veins occur?
L1 vertebral level
transpyloric plane
Where is the portal vein contained?
hepatoduodenal ligament
Function of portal-systemic anastomoses
where the portal venous system communicates with systemic venous system
What is the function of no valves in the hepatic portal vein?
blood can flow in reverse direction to the IVC
Main site of bile acid reabsorption
terminal ileum
Liver functions (5)
protein production and clotting factors produces bile glucose storage iron storage drug and nutrient metabolism
Fat soluble vitamins
vitamin A
D
E
K
Where is albumin synthesised?
liver
Function of albumin
transport of steroid hormones ions drugs fatty acids vitamins bilirubin
What are clotting factors synthesised by?
hepatocytes
Kupffer cells function
clearing and removing clotting factors
Biotransformation Phase I
Metabolism
Biotransformation Phase II
Conjugation
Biotransformation Phase III
Secretion
