Anatomy of Liver, Gallbladder and Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

What does the liver store?

A

glycogen

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2
Q

What does the parietal layer of the peritoneum cover?

A

internal surface of abdominal wall

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3
Q

What does the visceral layer of the peritoneum cover?

A

abdominal organs

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4
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity divided into?

A

lesser sac/omental bursa

greater sac

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5
Q

How do the two sacs comunicate?

A

omental/epiploic foramen

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6
Q

What is the greater sac further subdivided into?

A

supracolic region
infracolic region
pelvic region

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7
Q

Recesses of the supracolic region

A

subphrenic
subhepatic
hepatorenal

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8
Q

Where do the hepatocytes secrete bile?

A

bile canaliculi

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9
Q

Where do the canaliculi drain into

A

small interlobular biliary ducts

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10
Q

What makes up the bile duct?

A

common hepatic duct

cystic duct

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11
Q

What does the bile duct come into contact with?

A

main pancreatic duct

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12
Q

Exocrine secretion of pancreas

A

pancreatic juice from acinar cells

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13
Q

Endocrine secretion of pancreas

A

glucagon
insulin
from pancreatic islets of Langerhans

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14
Q

Five parts of the pancreas

A
tail
body
neck
head
uncinate process
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15
Q

What vertebral level does the pancreas lie at?

A

anterior to L1 and L2 vertebral

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16
Q

What forms the portal vein?

A

superior mesenteric vein

splenic vein

17
Q

3 main branches of the abdominal aorta

A

coeliac trunk
superior mesenteric artery
inferior mesenteric artery

18
Q

What does the coeliac trunk supply?

A

foregut structures

19
Q

What does the superior mesenteric artery supply?

A

midgut structures

20
Q

What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?

A

hindgut structures

21
Q

What supplies blood to the liver?

A

portal vein

left and right hepatic arteries

22
Q

What supplies blood to the gallbladder?

A

cystic artery

23
Q

What is the cystic artery a branch of?

A

right hepatic artery

24
Q

What is the main channel of the portal venous system?

A

hepatic portal vein

25
Q

What is the hepatic portal vein formed of?

A

superior mesenteric

splenic veins

26
Q

Where does the union of superior mesenteric and splenic veins occur?

A

L1 vertebral level

transpyloric plane

27
Q

Where is the portal vein contained?

A

hepatoduodenal ligament

28
Q

Function of portal-systemic anastomoses

A

where the portal venous system communicates with systemic venous system

29
Q

What is the function of no valves in the hepatic portal vein?

A

blood can flow in reverse direction to the IVC

30
Q

Main site of bile acid reabsorption

A

terminal ileum

31
Q

Liver functions (5)

A
protein production and clotting factors
produces bile
glucose storage
iron storage
drug and nutrient metabolism
32
Q

Fat soluble vitamins

A

vitamin A
D
E
K

33
Q

Where is albumin synthesised?

A

liver

34
Q

Function of albumin

A
transport of steroid hormones
ions
drugs
fatty acids
vitamins
bilirubin
35
Q

What are clotting factors synthesised by?

A

hepatocytes

36
Q

Kupffer cells function

A

clearing and removing clotting factors

37
Q

Biotransformation Phase I

A

Metabolism

38
Q

Biotransformation Phase II

A

Conjugation

39
Q

Biotransformation Phase III

A

Secretion