Anatomy of Liver, Gallbladder and Pancreas

Question 1

What does the liver store?

Answer 1

glycogen

Question 2

What does the parietal layer of the peritoneum cover?

Answer 2

internal surface of abdominal wall

Question 3

What does the visceral layer of the peritoneum cover?

Answer 3

abdominal organs

Question 4

What is the peritoneal cavity divided into?

Answer 4

lesser sac/omental bursa

greater sac

Question 5

How do the two sacs comunicate?

Answer 5

omental/epiploic foramen

Question 6

What is the greater sac further subdivided into?

Answer 6

supracolic region
infracolic region
pelvic region

Question 7

Recesses of the supracolic region

Answer 7

subphrenic
subhepatic
hepatorenal

Question 8

Where do the hepatocytes secrete bile?

Answer 8

bile canaliculi

Question 9

Where do the canaliculi drain into

Answer 9

small interlobular biliary ducts

Question 10

What makes up the bile duct?

Answer 10

common hepatic duct

cystic duct

Question 11

What does the bile duct come into contact with?

Answer 11

main pancreatic duct

Question 12

Exocrine secretion of pancreas

Answer 12

pancreatic juice from acinar cells

Question 13

Endocrine secretion of pancreas

Answer 13

glucagon
insulin
from pancreatic islets of Langerhans

Question 14

Five parts of the pancreas

Answer 14

tail
body
neck
head
uncinate process

Question 15

What vertebral level does the pancreas lie at?

Answer 15

anterior to L1 and L2 vertebral

Question 16

What forms the portal vein?

Answer 16

superior mesenteric vein

splenic vein

Question 17

3 main branches of the abdominal aorta

Answer 17

coeliac trunk
superior mesenteric artery
inferior mesenteric artery

Question 18

What does the coeliac trunk supply?

Answer 18

foregut structures

Question 19

What does the superior mesenteric artery supply?

Answer 19

midgut structures

Question 20

What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?

Answer 20

hindgut structures

Question 21

What supplies blood to the liver?

Answer 21

portal vein

left and right hepatic arteries

Question 22

What supplies blood to the gallbladder?

Answer 22

cystic artery

Question 23

What is the cystic artery a branch of?

Answer 23

right hepatic artery

Question 24

What is the main channel of the portal venous system?

Answer 24

hepatic portal vein

Question 25

What is the hepatic portal vein formed of?

Answer 25

superior mesenteric | splenic veins

Question 26

Where does the union of superior mesenteric and splenic veins occur?

Answer 26

L1 vertebral level | transpyloric plane

Question 27

Where is the portal vein contained?

Answer 27

hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 28

Function of portal-systemic anastomoses

Answer 28

where the portal venous system communicates with systemic venous system

Question 29

What is the function of no valves in the hepatic portal vein?

Answer 29

blood can flow in reverse direction to the IVC

Question 30

Main site of bile acid reabsorption

Answer 30

terminal ileum

Question 31

Liver functions (5)

Answer 31

``` protein production and clotting factors produces bile glucose storage iron storage drug and nutrient metabolism ```

Question 32

Fat soluble vitamins

Answer 32

vitamin A D E K

Question 33

Where is albumin synthesised?

Answer 33

liver

Question 34

Function of albumin

Answer 34

``` transport of steroid hormones ions drugs fatty acids vitamins bilirubin ```

Question 35

What are clotting factors synthesised by?

Answer 35

hepatocytes

Question 36

Kupffer cells function

Answer 36

clearing and removing clotting factors

Question 37

Biotransformation Phase I

Answer 37

Metabolism

Question 38

Biotransformation Phase II

Answer 38

Conjugation

Question 39

Biotransformation Phase III

Answer 39

Secretion