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Nursing 2018 > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

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1
Q

5 Functions of the respiratory system

A

Exchange of gases, regulation of blood pH, protection from inhaled pathogens and irritants, vocalisation and smell, alveolar capillary endothelial cells produce angiotension converting enzyme

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2
Q

What is ventilation of the lungs

A

Breathing

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3
Q

What is external respiration

A

Exchange of gases in lungs

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4
Q

What is internal respiration

A

Exchange of dissolved gases in body tissue

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5
Q

What is cellular respiration

A

Cells producing ATP using O2

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6
Q

What makes up upper respiratory tract

A

Nose, pharynx, larynx

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7
Q

What makes up lower respiratory tract

A

Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

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8
Q

Which lung is larger

A

Right Lung, LL is only 87% of size

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9
Q

Function of nose

A

Air passes through meatus (passage for air) and is warmed, humidified and filtered

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10
Q

What are sinuses

A

Mucus, membrane lined cavities in skull bones

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11
Q

What do goblet cells secrete

A

Mucus

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12
Q

Function of cilia

A

Move mucus and trapped particles up the bronchial tree and keep airways moist

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13
Q

Location of lungs

A

Extend from apex (superior to clavicle) to base at 6th rib (medially) and to 7th rib laterally

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14
Q

What is the hilum

A

Point where primary bronchus and pulmonary artery/ veins enter and leave lung

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15
Q

What is the pleura

A

Serous membrane which surround each lung

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16
Q

Two layers of the pleura

A

Visceral (adheres to lung) and Parietal (adheres to chest wall)

17
Q

What exists in between two layers of pleura

A

Pleural fluid which lubricates movement between chest and lung

18
Q

What occurs if air enters between two pleura

A

Pneumothorax & lung collapses

19
Q

What makes up the respiratory membrane

A

Fluid, surfactant, epithelial cells. fused basement membranes and capillary endothelial cells

20
Q

What do alveolar epithelial cells produce

A

angiotensin-converting enzyme which produces surfactant

21
Q

what is surfactant

A

a detergent which reduces surface tension of alveolar fluid

22
Q

Rule for movement of gases

A

Move from where they are at high partial pressure to where they are at low partial pressure

23
Q

5 reasons gas exchange through the respiratory membrane is efficient

A 
1 Substantial gas pressure gradient 
2 diffusion distance is small
3 O2 and CO2 are lipid soluble
4 total surface area of alveoli is large
5 Blood flow and airflow are coordinated
24
Q

Normal breathing body movement

A

Diaphragm moves down, external intercostals contract to move sternum forwards and ribs outward, increases volume of chest, air pressure decreases

25
Q

Normal arterial blood gas values CO2 & O2

A

CO2 - 35-45mm Hg

O2 = 90-110mm Hg

26
Q

Eupnoea vs Bradypnoea and Tachypynea

A

Normal , slow , fast

27
Q

Dyspnea

A

Labored, difficult breathing

28
Q

Apnoea

A

Cessation of breathing

29
Q

How is oxygen transported in the blood

A

97% carried bound to haemoglobin , 3% dissolved in plasma

30
Q

3 forms for transport of CO2 in the blood

A

7% - transported in solution in plasma
23% bound to haemoglobin in RBC
70% reacts with water and forms carbonic acid

31
Q

Formula for production of carbonic acid with water

A

CO2 + H2O -> H2CO3 -> HCO3^- + H^+

32
Q

Movement of HCO3^-

A

Moves out of RBC into plasma in exchange for Cl-

33
Q

What happens to H^+ after formation of carbonic acid

A

Stays in RBC & binds with Hb

34
Q

What is tidal volume

A

Volume inhaled/ exhaled in one quiet breath

35
Q

What is inspiratory reserve volume

A

Volume in excess of tidal that can be inhaled with max effort

36
Q

Expiratory reserve volume

A

Volume in excess of tidal that can be exhaled with max effort

37
Q

Residual volume

A

Volume of air remaining in lungs after max effort exhalation

38
Q

Vital Capacity formula

A

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) + Tidal Volume (TV) + Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

39
Q

Total lung capacity

A

Residual Volume + Vital Capacity

Nursing 2018 (14 decks)

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