Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nursing 2018 > Module 2 Cells > Flashcards

Module 2 Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cell Theory

A

All cells come from the division of preexisting cells, cells are the smallest unit of life, each cell maintains homeostasis at the cellular level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Procaryotes

A

Bacteria, single chromosomes, no nucleus or organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Plant and animal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Erythrocyte

A

Red blood cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Leucocyte

A

White blood cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lymphocyte

A

A cell of the lymph system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Monocyte

A

A type of white blood cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Osteocyte

A

A bone cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Keratinocytes

A

A type of skin cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Phagocyte

A

A cell that engulfs foreign material or debris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Erythroblast

A

Immature red blood cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Osteoblast

A

Immature bone cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Monoblast

A

Immature monocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Haemocytoblasts

A

Immature blood cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Functions of centrosome and centrioles

A

Essential for movement of chromosomes during cell division; organisation of microtubules in cytoskeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Functions of cytoskeleton

A

Strength and support; movement of cellar structures and materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Function of plasma membrane

A

Isolation, protection, sensitivity, support, controls entry and exit of materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What makes up the phospholipid bilayer

A

Hydrophilic heads, hydrophobic fatty-acids tails, barrier to ions and waters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What’s interstitial fluid

A

Extracellular fluid is a watery medium that surrounds a cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What’s cytoplasm

A

Fluid inside the cell (cytosol = liquid), contains intracellular structures collectively known as organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does cytosol contain

A

Dissolved nutrients, ions, proteins and waste products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

List 6 nonmembranous organelles

A

Cytoskeleton, microvilli, centrioles, cilia, ribosomes and proteasomes - direct contact with cytosol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

List 5 membranous organelles

A

Endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes and mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What three things make up the cytoskeleton

A

Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are microfilaments

A

Thin filaments composed of the protein actin that provide strength, interact with proteins, pair with thick filaments of myosin for muscle movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are microtubules

A

Large, hollow tubes of Tubulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What do microtubules do

A

Attach to centrosome, strengthen cell and anchor organelles, change cell shape, move vesicles within cell, form spindle apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Function of microvilli

A

Increase surface area and absorption and attach to cytoskeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Functions of centrioles in the Centrosome

A

Centrioles form spindle apparatus during cell division, centrosomes cyotoplasm surrounding centriole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Function of cilia

A

Small hair like extensions that move fluids across the cell surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Function of ribosomes

A

Build polypeptides in protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Function and location of free ribosomes

A

In cytoplasm, manufacture proteins for cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the function and location of fixed ribosomes

A

Attached to ER, manufacture proteins for secretion

34
Q

What are proteasomes

A

They contain enzymes which disassemble damaged proteins for recycling

35
Q

What is the endoplasmic reticulum attached to

A

Cisternae - storage chambers within membranes

36
Q

Functions of endoplasmic reticulum

A

Synthesis proteins, stores synthesised molecules and materials, transport of materials within the ER, detoxification of drugs or toxins

37
Q

Functions of the Golgi body

A

Modifies and packages secretions (hormones or enzymes), renews or modifies the plasma membrane, packages special enzymes within vesicles for use in the cytoplasm

38
Q

Functions of lysosomes

A

Clean up inside cells (autolysis), break down large molecules, attack bacteria, recycle damaged organelles, eject waste by exocytosis

39
Q

What is autolysis

A

Self destruction of damaged cells

40
Q

Function of mitochondria

A

Takes chemical energy from glucose to form ATP

41
Q

Aerobic metabolism / cellular respiration equation

A

Glucose + O2 + ADP -> CO2 + H2O + ATP

42
Q

What is the nucleus

A

The control centre of the cell

43
Q

What surrounds the nucleus

A

Nuclear envelope

44
Q

What is the space between the two layers of the nuclear envelope called

A

Perinuclear space

45
Q

What’s the function of nuclear pores

A

Allow communication to outside the nucleus

46
Q

What are nucleoli made of and what do they do

A

Made of RNA, enzymes and histones, synthesise rRNA and ribosomal subunits

47
Q

What are nucleosomes

A

The DNA coiled around histones

48
Q

What are chromatin

A

Loosely coiled DNA (cells not dividing)

49
Q

What are Chromosomes

A

Tightly coiled DNA that divides

50
Q

What is selective permeability based on

A

Size, charge, shape, lipid solubility

51
Q

Is diffusion active or passive

A

Passive

52
Q

Is carrier mediated transport active or passive

A

Can be either

53
Q

Is vesicular transport active or passive

A

Active

54
Q

Five factors that influence diffusion

A

Distances, molecule size (smaller is faster), temp (higher temp = faster), conc. gradient, electrical forces i.e opposites attract

55
Q

What two types of materials diffuse through the plasma membrane via simple diffusion

A

Lipid-soluble compounds, dissolved gases

56
Q

What uses channel-mediate diffusion

A

Water-soluble compounds and ions

57
Q

What is osmosis

A

The diffusion of water across the cell membrane

58
Q

In osmosis which side does the volume increase on

A

The side with More solutes

59
Q

Which direction do water molecules diffuses in during osmosis

A

Low to high SOLUTE concentration

60
Q

What must the membrane be during osmosis

A

Freely permeable to water, selectively permeable to solutes

61
Q

Define osmotic pressure

A

The force of s concentration gradient of water

62
Q

What can prevent osmosis

A

By an applied force that is equal to the amount of hydrostatic pressure required to stop the osmotic flow

63
Q

Isotonic define

A

A solution that does not cause osmotic flow of water in or out of a cell (equal concentrations)

64
Q

Hypotonic define

A

Has less solutes and loses water through osmosis

65
Q

Hypertonic define

A

Has more solutes and gains water by osmosis

66
Q

Two fluids may have equal …. But different …

A

Osmolarity, tonicity

67
Q

What happens to a cell in a HYPOTONIC solution

A

Gains water and ruptures, i.e hemolysis of red blood cells

68
Q

What happens to a cell in a HYPERTONIC solution

A

Loses water, shrinks i.e cremation of red blood cells

69
Q

What is cotransport in relation to carrier mediated transport

A

Two substances move in the same direction at the same time

70
Q

What is countertransport in relation to carried mediated transport

A

One substances moves in while another moves out

71
Q

What is facilitated diffusion

A

Passive process where carrier proteins transport molecules too large to fit through channel proteins (glucose, amino acids)

72
Q

Two steps of facilitated diffusion

A

Molecule binds to receptor site on carrier protein,

protein changes shape and molecule passes through,

73
Q

What is active transport

A

Process that requires energy to move substrates against the concentration gradient

74
Q

What do ion pumps move

A

Ions such as Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+,

75
Q

What are exchange pumps

A

Pumps that countertransport two ions at the same time

76
Q

Example of primary active transport

A

Sodium-potassium exchange pump, pumps sodium ions out and potassium ions in, 1 ATP moves 3 Na+ and 2K+

77
Q

Example of secondary active transport

A

Na+ concentration gradient drives glucose transport and ATP pumps Na+ back out

78
Q

What is vesicular transport

A

Movement where materials move into or out of cell in vesicles

79
Q

Two types of endocytosis

A

Pinocytosis (drinking), phagocytosis (eating )

80
Q

How does endocytosis work

A

Receptors (glycoproteins) bind target molecules (ligands) and coated vesicles (endosome) carry ligands and receptors into the cell

81
Q

What is exocytosis

A

Granules or droplets are released from the cell

Nursing 2018 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions