NURS1003 - Module 1 Flashcards
What does health psychology explore
The theories that attempt to explain why individuals engage in behaviours that maintain enhance or threaten their health and the theories that suggest strategies for intervention
What’s the main aim of Heath psychology
The promotion of and maintenance of well-being
What do health psychologist specialise in
Understanding the relationships between psychological factors and health/ illness and practice in health promotion and clinical health
What is locus of control ( Rotter)
An individual’s belief as to whether outcomes or events in their life are brought about by themselves (Internal LOC), powerful others or are random (External LOC)
What is Self Efficacy (Bandura)
An individual’s perceived ability to perform a certain task or achieve a specific goal in each situations
What is the study of human development
The scientific study of qualitative and quantitative ways people change over time
What is human development influenced by
Characteristics people are born with (traits), those they acquire through their experiences and the environment in which they live (states)
What are the four parenting styles
Authoritative, Permissive/ Neglectful, Authoritarian, Unloved/ Neglectful
What is an authoritative parenting style
A style that’s high in demandingness as well as responsiveness
What’s a permissive/ indulgent parenting style
One that’s high in responsiveness but low in demandingness (not a good thing)
What is authoritarian parenting
One that’s high in demandingness but low is responsiveness
What’s uninvolved / neglectful parenting
One that’s low in both responsiveness and demandingness
Infants develop in a “…” And “…” Way
Cephalocaudal and proximal-distal
What does it mean to say that infants develop in a cephalocaudal and proximal-distal way
They develop from their heads first towards their feet and from their centre towards their limbs
Physical developmental milestones for 0-3 months
While on tummy pushes up onto arms, on tummy can lift and hold head up, moves their fist from closed to open, moves legs and arms off surface when excited
Physical developmental milestones for 4-6 months
Use hands to support while sitting, rolls from tummy to back and vice versa, accepts weight with legs while standing with support, reaches for toys, plays with feet, transfers toys from one hand to another
Socioemotional milestones for 0-6 months
Visually tracts toys and faces, can be calmed, begin to communicate their emotions, begin to become very bonded with primary caregiver
Socioemotional miles 7-12 months
Begin to listen and engage with songs and people, can crawl, see longer distances, can turn pages, use consonant sounds in babbling
What is Bowlby’s theory of attachment
Theory that suggests that children come into the world biologically pre-programmed to form attachments with others, because this will help them to survive
What signs do children display to show they’re secure in their attachment
Are happy and secure, are eager to explore their surroundings as they know they can trust their caregiver to be there for them, may become distressed at caregivers absence but understand caregiver will return
What kind of behaviour fosters secure attachment in children
Consistent behaviour which is sensitive to the needs of the child
How do children who have developed a anxious-avoidant attachment act
As they do not trust their caregiver to fulfil their needs they act in different to their caregivers presence or absence, they are not explorative and are emotionally distant
What behaviour fosters anxious-avoidant attachment
Caregivers behaviour which is disengaged from her child and emotionally distant
How do children who developed anxious resistant (ambivalent) act
Show a mixture of anger and helplessness towards their caregiver, act passively and are insecure
What behaviour fosters anxious-resistant (ambivalent) attachment
Inconsistent behaviour from the caregiver, at times they may be responsive and at times unresponsive towards the child
What category exists for children who don’t fit first three and how do they act
Disorganised/ Disorientated attachment, can act depressed, angry, passive or apathetical
What behaviour fosters disorganised/ disorientated attachment
Caregivers acting in varying extremes such as alternating between passivity and aggression or from acting scared to being threatening
What happens to children who have disorganised / disorientated attachment
They perceive their environment as dangerous and therefore the often exhibit slow developmental behaviours in language and social skills
What is the biomedical model of health
The biomedical model assets that normal behaviour is a consequence of equilibrium (health) and abnormal behaviour (illness) is a consequence of disequilibrium (pathology)
What are the strengths of the biomedical model
Allowing us to discover things like pathogens, antibiotics, make advancements in genetic-understanding disorders
What critiques of the biomedical model are there
Fails to acknowledge the many variable ways that health can be impacted by either by environment, social or psychological factors, treatments may treat symptoms but not cure the disease and so on
