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Biology > Respiratory system > Flashcards

Respiratory system Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Tube leading from the larynx (throat) that branches into two bronchi

A

Trachea

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2
Q

What do the trachea branch into?

A

Two bronchi - left and right

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3
Q

What rings make up the trachea?

A

Cartilaginous Rings

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4
Q

What do the bronchi branch into?

A

Bronchioles

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5
Q

What are at the end of bronchioles?

A

Alveoli

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6
Q

Top of each lung is called the

A

Superior lobe (left or right)

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7
Q

Names of the Membranes of the lung double membrane and the space between the two

A 
Visceral pleura (inner)
Parietal pleura (outer) 
Pleural cavity ( space between the two)
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8
Q

Bottom of the lung

A

(Left or right) inferior lobe

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9
Q

What surrounds alveoli?

A

Capillary network

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10
Q

Nasal cavity function

A

Sends air to pharynx

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11
Q

Pharynx description and function

A

Chamber behind nasal cavity

Is a passageway for air moving from nasal cavity to larynx

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12
Q

Larynx description and function

A

Enlargement at top of trachea

Passageway for air

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13
Q

Trachea description and function

A

Flexible tube connecting larynx with bronchi

Passageway for air

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14
Q

Bronchial tree description and function

A

Branches of trachea leading to alveoli via bronchioles

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15
Q

What are the alveoli and bronchi contained in along with blood vessels?

A

The lungs

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16
Q

Inspiration steps

A

Diaphragm contracts and moves down
External intercostal muscles pull ribs out and up
Sternum moves up and out
Increases thoracic cavity
Air in trachea moves down into lungs down pressure gradient

17
Q

Expiration steps

A

Diaphragm relaxes and moves upwards
Internal intercostal muscles contract pulling ribs down and in
Thoracic cavity decreases
Air moves out of lungs down pressure gradient

18
Q

Tidal volume

A

Volume of air moves in or out of lungs during respiratory cycle

19
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume

A

Maximum volume of aid that can be inhaled after resting inspiration

20
Q

Expiratory reserve volume

A

Maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after resting expiration

21
Q

Residual volume

A

Volume of air remaining in lungs after maximum expiration

22
Q

Inspiratory capacity

A

Maximum volume of air that can be inhaled following expiration of tidal volume

23
Q

Functional residual capacity

A

Volume of air remaining in lungs after exhalation of tidal volume

24
Q

Vital capacity

A

Maximum volume of air can be exhaled after largest breath possible

25
Q

Total lung capacity

A

Total volume of air that the lungs can hold

26
Q

What do chemoreceptors detect

A

CO2 and O2 levels on blood

27
Q

What two groups are in the medullary respiratory centre

A

Central respiratory group

Dorsal respiratory group

28
Q

What does the dorsal respiratory group cause?

A

Changes in rate and depth of breathing

29
Q

What does the central respiratory group cause

A

Basic rhythm of breathing

30
Q

What diffuses into the alveoli and what diffuses out?

A

O2 out

CO2 in

31
Q

What does oxygen bind win in the blood? To form what

A

Haemaglobin

To form oxyhaemaglobin

32
Q

Where does the carbon dioxide in the blood diffuse from?

A

Blood plasma to alveolus

33
Q

What is the name of haemaglobin combined with carbon dioxide

A

Carbaminohemoglobin

34
Q

When carbonic acid (CO2+ water) releases hydrogen ions what is produced?

A

Bicarbonate ions.

35
Q

Three stages of cellular respiration

A

Glycolysis
Kerbs cycle
Electron transport chain

36
Q

In glycolysis glucose is converted to

A

Pyruvate

37
Q

What is the end product of glycolysis converted to in anaerobic conditions?

A

Lactic acid

38
Q

How are alveoli prevented from collapsing

A

Septal cells secrete surfactant which lowers surface tension

39
Q

Most important stimulant of respiratory activity ?

A

Carbon dioxide

Biology (19 decks)

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