Respiratory system Flashcards
Tube leading from the larynx (throat) that branches into two bronchi
Trachea
What do the trachea branch into?
Two bronchi - left and right
What rings make up the trachea?
Cartilaginous Rings
What do the bronchi branch into?
Bronchioles
What are at the end of bronchioles?
Alveoli
Top of each lung is called the
Superior lobe (left or right)
Names of the Membranes of the lung double membrane and the space between the two
Visceral pleura (inner) Parietal pleura (outer) Pleural cavity ( space between the two)
Bottom of the lung
(Left or right) inferior lobe
What surrounds alveoli?
Capillary network
Nasal cavity function
Sends air to pharynx
Pharynx description and function
Chamber behind nasal cavity
Is a passageway for air moving from nasal cavity to larynx
Larynx description and function
Enlargement at top of trachea
Passageway for air
Trachea description and function
Flexible tube connecting larynx with bronchi
Passageway for air
Bronchial tree description and function
Branches of trachea leading to alveoli via bronchioles
What are the alveoli and bronchi contained in along with blood vessels?
The lungs
Inspiration steps
Diaphragm contracts and moves down
External intercostal muscles pull ribs out and up
Sternum moves up and out
Increases thoracic cavity
Air in trachea moves down into lungs down pressure gradient
Expiration steps
Diaphragm relaxes and moves upwards
Internal intercostal muscles contract pulling ribs down and in
Thoracic cavity decreases
Air moves out of lungs down pressure gradient
Tidal volume
Volume of air moves in or out of lungs during respiratory cycle
Inspiratory reserve volume
Maximum volume of aid that can be inhaled after resting inspiration
Expiratory reserve volume
Maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after resting expiration
Residual volume
Volume of air remaining in lungs after maximum expiration
Inspiratory capacity
Maximum volume of air that can be inhaled following expiration of tidal volume
Functional residual capacity
Volume of air remaining in lungs after exhalation of tidal volume
Vital capacity
Maximum volume of air can be exhaled after largest breath possible
Total lung capacity
Total volume of air that the lungs can hold
What do chemoreceptors detect
CO2 and O2 levels on blood
What two groups are in the medullary respiratory centre
Central respiratory group
Dorsal respiratory group
What does the dorsal respiratory group cause?
Changes in rate and depth of breathing
What does the central respiratory group cause
Basic rhythm of breathing
What diffuses into the alveoli and what diffuses out?
O2 out
CO2 in
What does oxygen bind win in the blood? To form what
Haemaglobin
To form oxyhaemaglobin
Where does the carbon dioxide in the blood diffuse from?
Blood plasma to alveolus
What is the name of haemaglobin combined with carbon dioxide
Carbaminohemoglobin
When carbonic acid (CO2+ water) releases hydrogen ions what is produced?
Bicarbonate ions.
Three stages of cellular respiration
Glycolysis
Kerbs cycle
Electron transport chain
In glycolysis glucose is converted to
Pyruvate
What is the end product of glycolysis converted to in anaerobic conditions?
Lactic acid
How are alveoli prevented from collapsing
Septal cells secrete surfactant which lowers surface tension
Most important stimulant of respiratory activity ?
Carbon dioxide
