Female pelvis and pelvic floor Flashcards
What are the four types of pelvis?
Gynaecoid
Android
Anthropoid
Platypelloid
Heart shaped brimmed pelvis
Android
Oval brimmed pelvis
Anthropoid
Kidney shaped brimmed pelvis
Platypelloid
Rounded brimmed pelvis
Gynaecoid
Which pelvis types have blunt ischial spines?
Gynaecoid
Anthropoid
Platypelloid
Which pelvis type has prominent ischial spines?
Android
What are the side walls of the gynaecoid pelvis like?
Straight
What is the sub-pubic angle of a gynaecoid pelvis?
90 degrees
What are the 6 main features of a gynaecoid pelvis?
Round brim Blunt ischial spines Sub pubic angle 90 degrees Large forepelvis Rounded sciatic notch Shallow cavity
What are the three functions of a female pelvis?
Attachment of lower limbs
Support of the pelvic and abdominal organs
Enables upright walk by transmitting the weight of he upper trunk through the pelvic girdle
Which feature of the pelvis is fused by four vertebrae and had a vestigial tail?
The coccyx
Which part of the pelvis is fused by five sacral vertebrae?
The sacrum
What are the triangular shaped and wedge shaped parts of the pelvis?
Triangular- coccyx
Wedged- sacrum
What is the name of the perforations of the sacrum?
Foramina
Singular = foramen
What passes through the foramina (sacral perforations) ?
The sacral nerves
At Which surface of the pelvis does the sacrum lie?
The anterior surface
Tubular bone of the sacrum running between foramina?
Sacral promontory
What hollow area is behind the sacral promontory?
Sacral canal
What are the four bones of the pelvis?
The right innominate bone
The left innominate bone
Sacrum
Coccyx
Which three bones does the hip bone consist of?
Ilium
Pubis
Ischium
What are the two triangular shaped bones pertruding from the pubic bones on either side?
ischium
What sits above the ischium and are fused by the pubic symphysis
Pubis (1= pubic bone)
Which two most prominent, flared bones of the pelvis are rounded at the top?
Ilium
What two components does the ilium consist of?
Iliac crest
Iliac fossa
Which two parts does the ischium consist of?
Ischial tuberosities
Ischial spines
What is the name of the hollow area between the sacrum and the pubic symphysis?
The pelvic inlet
What is the name of the hip bone sockets where the femur epiphysis sits?
Acetabulum
What are the three components of the pubis?
Inferior ramus
Superior ramus
Obturator foramen
What is the concave anterior surface of the ilium?
The iliac fossa
What is the upper border of the ilium?
Iliac crest
What is the hip bone known as?
Innominate bone
What does the innominate bone consist of?
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
The two- loop like rounded parts of the ischium
Ischial tuberosity
Pointy parts of the ischium
Ischial spines
Parts of the pubis
Superior ramus
Inferior ramus
The space enclosed by the body of the pubic bone?
Obturator foramen
What is formed by the two inferior rami?
Pubic arch
What are the 4 pelvic joints?
2 sacroiliac joints
Symphysis pubis
Sacrococcygeal joint
3 main Pelvic ligaments
Sacrotuberous ligament (sacrum to pubic tuberosity) Sacrospinous ligament (ischial spine to sacrum) Inguinal ligament (iliac crest to pubic tuberosity)
How many landmarks of the pelvic brim are there?
8
Where are the landmarks of the pelvic brim?
1-8 from the sacrum area to the symphysis pubis in clockwise direction
Landmark 1 - 3 of pelvic brim
1- sacral promontory (tube)
2- sacral ala (wings either side)
3- sacroiliac joint
Landmarks 4 and 5 of pelvic brim
4- iliopectineal line (end of ileum into pelvic inlet)
5 iliopectineal eminence (point of union between ileum and pubis)
Landmark 6 of pelvic brim
Superior ramus of pubic bone
Landmarks 7 and 8 of pelvic brim
7- Upper inner border of the body of the pubic bone
8- upper inner border of the symphysis pubis
What are the three diameter terms of the gynaecoid pelvis?
Anteroposterior ( front to back)
Right and left oblique (diagonal both ways)
Transverse (side to side)
In Which three areas of the gynaecoid pelvis are the pelvic diameters measured?
Brim
Cavity
Outlet
AP. Oblique Transverse
Diameter Diameter Diameter
Brim
Cavity
Outlet
- 13
- 12 12
- 11
Where is the sacroiliac joint?
On the iliac fossa of the ileum either side of the sacrum
What three pelvic bones are fused at the acetabulum?
Ileum
Ischium
Pubic
Four functions of the pelvic floor?
Support abdominal and pelvic organs
Facilitated movements of fetus through birth canal
Provides voluntary control of micturition and defaecation
Enables flexion of the sacrum and coccyx
6 layers of the pelvic floor from the outside in?
1) skin
2) subcutaneous fat
3) superficial muscle layer
4) deep muscle layer (levator ani)
5) pelvic fascia (form pelvic ligaments)
6) pelvic peritoneum/broad ligaments/ uterovescial pouch and pouch of Douglas
Pouch of Douglas
Extension of peritoneal cavity between rectum and posterior wall of uterus.
Blood supply to the pelvic floor muscles?
Internal iliac arteries that branch into vaginal arteries and pudendal arteries
Lymphatic supply to pelvic floor muscles?
Internal iliac glands
Nerve supply to pelvic floor muscles
Pudendal nerve
Perineal body
A pyramid shaped mass comprising muscle and fibrous tissue between the vagina and anal canal
Ischioanal fossa
A wedge shaped, fat filled area between anal canal and ischium
Glutimus maximus
Bum muscles (large)
5 superficial perineal muscles
Membranous sphincter of the urethra
Bulbocavernosus
Transverse perineal
Anal sphincter
Ischiocavernosus
Membraneous sphincter of the urethra location
Attaches to the pubic bones
Ischiocavernosus location
From clitoris to ischial tuberosities
Bulbocavernosus location
Clitoris to perineal body
Transverse perineal location
Ischial tuberosities to meet in the perineal body
Anal sphincter location
Attaches to the coccyx
Deep perineal muscles (4)
Strong muscular sling
Pubococcygeus
Iliococcygeus
Ischiococcygeus
Iliococcygeus deep perineal muscle
Ileum to coccyx
Ischiococcygeus deep perineal muscle
Ischial spines to coccyx
Pubococcygeus deep perineal muscle
Pubis to coccyx
Transverse perineal muscle runs from where to where
Ischial tuberosity to ischial tuberosity meeting in perineal body
What structure do the theee deep perineal muscles make up together
Levator ani