Renal system

Question 1

6 components of the renal system

Answer 1

Two kidneys
Two ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra

Question 2

Kidney purpose

Answer 2

To filter the blood

Question 3

Urethra purpose

Answer 3

Convey nitrogenous waste substances to the outside

Question 4

Three functions of renal system

Answer 4

Maintain normal concentration of water and electrolytes in blood
Regulates pH and fluid volume
Helps control RBC production and blood pressure

Question 5

What is the area where all the nerves and blood vessels enter the kidney?

Answer 5

The renal hilum

Question 6

Two lumps behind the kidneys

Answer 6

Adrenal glands

Question 7

What is located retroperitoneally on either side of the vertebral column

Answer 7

The kidneys

Question 8

What holds the kidneys in place?

Answer 8

Connective tissue and adipose tissue

Question 9

What hollow area does the hilum lead to

Answer 9

The renal sinus

Question 10

What are the two main regions of the kidney?

Answer 10

The renal cortex

The renal medulla

Question 11

Functional unit of the kidneys?

Answer 11

The nephron

Question 12

What shape is the medulla?

Answer 12

Petal shaped areas

Question 13

What artery leads to the kidneys and where does it branch from?

Answer 13

Renal arteries from aorta

Question 14

What vein leads from the kidney and where does it lead to?

Answer 14

Renal vein to inferior vena cava

Question 15

Two major parts of the nephron

Answer 15

Renal corpuscule

Renal tubule

Question 16

What is the filtering portion of the nephron?

Answer 16

Renal corpuscule

Question 17

What is the renal corpuscule made up of?

Answer 17

The glomerulus and the glomerular capsule

Question 18

What is the glomerulus?

Answer 18

A ball of capillaries

Question 19

Which area of the renal corpuscule receives the filtrate?

Answer 19

Glomerulus capsule

Question 20

What leads away from the glomerular capsule?

Answer 20

Renal tubule

Question 21

What does the renal tubule first become?

Answer 21

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 22

After the proximal convoluted tubule where does the renal tubule lead to?

Answer 22

Nephron loop with ascending and descending limbs

Question 23

After the nephron loop where does the renal tubule lead to?

Answer 23

Distal convoluted tubule

Question 24

List in order the areas of the renal tubule

Answer 24

Glomerular capsule—-> proximal convoluted tubule ——> nephron loop ——-> distal convoluted tubule

Question 25

What joins to form the collecting duct?

Answer 25

Several distal convoluted tubules from different nephrons

Question 26

Which arteriole leads into the glomerulus? Which arteriole leads out of it?

Answer 26

In- afferent arteriole (bigger) | Out-efferent arteriole

Question 27

What capillary, leading always from the efferent arteriole, runs along side the renal tubule?

Answer 27

Peritubular capillary

Question 28

What smooth muscle cells are in the kidney?

Answer 28

Juxtaglomerular cells

Question 29

Glomerular filtration

Answer 29

Fluid portion of the blood is filtered by the glomerulus and enters to glomerular capsule as glomerular filtrate

Question 30

What increases pressure in glomerulus to encourage filtration?

Answer 30

Afferent artery larger than efferent artery

Question 31

Pores in glomerular capillaries

Answer 31

Fenestrations

Question 32

What cells help prevent plasma proteins from being filtered out of the blood?

Answer 32

Podocytes

Question 33

Components of glomerular filtrate

Answer 33

``` Water Electrolytes Glucose Urea Uric acid ```

Question 34

Why are plasma proteins not filtered out?

Answer 34

Too large

Question 35

What is the movement of fluid out of the capillary caused by? What is the movement of fluid into the capillary caused by?

Answer 35

Hydrostatic pressure | Osmotic pressure

Question 36

What 3 factors affect glomerular filtration rate?

Answer 36

Glomerular plasma osmotic pressure, filtration pressure and hydrostatic pressure in glomerulus capsule

Question 37

What causes filtration pressure to decrease?

Answer 37

Afferent arteriole constricting blood flow

Question 38

What cause filtration pressure to increase?

Answer 38

Efferent arteriole constricting blood flow out of glomerulus

Question 39

Where is renin secreted from?

Answer 39

Juxtaglomerular kidney cells

Question 40

What does renin do?

Answer 40

Increase blood pressure

Question 41

What happens to the efferent arteriole in response to renin?

Answer 41

It constricts

Question 42

Where does tubular reabsorption occur?

Answer 42

Mostly in the proximal convoluted tubule

Question 43

Why is tubule reabsorption highest in proximal convoluted tubule?

Answer 43

Microvilli | Carrier proteins

Question 44

What substances are reabsorbed in tubular reabsorption?

Answer 44

Glucose Water Amino acids Proteins

Question 45

Which substances are reabsorbed by active transport

Answer 45

Amino acids Glucose Ions Acids

Question 46

What substance is reabsorbed by pinocytosis

Answer 46

Proteins

Question 47

After sodium ions are reabsorbed what happens?

Answer 47

Water is reabsorbed by osmosis due to the change in water potential

Question 48

Tubular secretion vs tubular reabsorption

Answer 48

Tubular reabsorption=products in renal tubule moving back into blood in the capillary Tubular secretion=products in blood plasma moving into the renal tubule

Question 49

What products move by tubular secretion?

Answer 49

Excess hydrogen and potassium ions

Question 50

What directs urine from kidney collecting ducts to bladder?

Answer 50

Ureters

Question 51

Three layers of the ureter wall?

Answer 51

Mucous coat Muscular coat Outer fibrous coat

Question 52

Two urethra muscles

Answer 52

Internal urethral sphincter | External urethral sphincter

Question 53

What reflex causes urine to leave the bladder

Answer 53

Micturition reflex

Question 54

What causes the micturition reflex

Answer 54

Stretching of the bladder

Question 55

What three muscle actions cause micturition

Answer 55

Destrusor muscle contracts External urethral sphincter relaxes Internal urethral sphincter is forced to open