Liver & GI tract Flashcards
GI tract
Gastrointestinal tract (tube that joins organs from mouth to anus)
Organs in the GI tract
Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Anus
Esophagus definition and function
Pushes food to stomach by peristalsis
Muscular tube connecting the throat to the stomach
Term for throat
Pharynx
Small intestine function
Mixes food with bike and pancreatic juice
Enzymatic breakdown of food
Nutrients absorption
Large intestine function
Absorbs wager and electrolytes to form faeces
Peristalsis
The movement of pushing food into stomach (through esophagus)
What do salivary glands do
Secreted amylase enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates
What organ produces bile?
The liver
Purpose of bile?
To emulsify fat
Alimentary canal
Muscular tube parring through body’s central cavity
Microvilli function
Increase S/A for absorption
Pancreatic amylase
Breaks down carbohydrates to disaccharides
Pancreatic lipase
Breaks triglycerides to glycerol and fatty acids
Nucleases
Break down nucleic acids to nucleotides
Trypsin
Chynotrypsin
Break down proteins to dipeptides
Gallbladder
Organ under the liver that stores bile and delivers it to small intestine
Bile
Fluids, fat and cholesterol to help break down fat from food in the intestine
Bile ducts purpose
Release bile from gallbladder into liver
Artery into liver
Vein away from liver
Hepatic artery
Hepatic vein
7 functions of the liver
Carbohydrate metabolism Lipid metabolism Protein metabolism Storage Blood filtering Detoxification Secretion
Bilirubin
Pigment formed in the liver by break down of haemaglobin and secreted bile
Where is bilirubin in the liver secreted to?
The kidney to be excreted in urine
Duodenum
First part of the small intestine behind the stomach
Jejunum
Second part of the small intestine (curly bit)
Ileum
Last part of the small intestine (where curly part stops)
3 parts of small intestine
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
What runs through a vilum to increase exchange ?
Blood capillaries
How are monosaccharides absorbed?
Facilitated diffusion and active transport
Amino acid absorption
Active transport
Co transport
Fatty acids reabsorption
Glycerol -facilitated diffusion
Fats- micelles
What leads to the anus?
The rectum through the anal canal to the anus
Two types of metabolic reactions
Anabolic
Catabolic
Anabolic reaction
Larger molecules constructed from smaller ones (condensation) requires energy
Catabolic reaction
Larger molecules broken down into smaller ones (like hydrolysis) releases energy
Glycogenesis
Excess glucose taken up by liver and converted into glycogen to be stored
Where does glycogenesis take place
Liver
Glycogenolysis
Liver causes glycogen to be broken down into glucose when blood glucose levels are low
Gluconeogenesis
When glycogen reserves are used up, enzymes in the liver convert substances such as amino acids and lipids into glucose
Ketogenesis
Ketone bodies are produced by the break down of fatty acids
Adenine binds to
Thymine
Guanine binds to
Cytosine
ATP name and components
Adenosinetriphosphate
Ribose sugar
Adenine
Three phosphate molecules
Glycolysis
6 carbon sugar broken down into 3 pyruvates to gain 2 ATP molecules
