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Biology > Liver & GI tract > Flashcards

Liver & GI tract Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

GI tract

A

Gastrointestinal tract (tube that joins organs from mouth to anus)

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2
Q

Organs in the GI tract

A 
Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Anus
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3
Q

Esophagus definition and function

Pushes food to stomach by peristalsis

A

Muscular tube connecting the throat to the stomach

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4
Q

Term for throat

A

Pharynx

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5
Q

Small intestine function

A

Mixes food with bike and pancreatic juice
Enzymatic breakdown of food
Nutrients absorption

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6
Q

Large intestine function

A

Absorbs wager and electrolytes to form faeces

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7
Q

Peristalsis

A

The movement of pushing food into stomach (through esophagus)

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8
Q

What do salivary glands do

A

Secreted amylase enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates

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9
Q

What organ produces bile?

A

The liver

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10
Q

Purpose of bile?

A

To emulsify fat

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11
Q

Alimentary canal

A

Muscular tube parring through body’s central cavity

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12
Q

Microvilli function

A

Increase S/A for absorption

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13
Q

Pancreatic amylase

A

Breaks down carbohydrates to disaccharides

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14
Q

Pancreatic lipase

A

Breaks triglycerides to glycerol and fatty acids

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15
Q

Nucleases

A

Break down nucleic acids to nucleotides

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16
Q

Trypsin

Chynotrypsin

A

Break down proteins to dipeptides

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17
Q

Gallbladder

A

Organ under the liver that stores bile and delivers it to small intestine

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18
Q

Bile

A

Fluids, fat and cholesterol to help break down fat from food in the intestine

19
Q

Bile ducts purpose

A

Release bile from gallbladder into liver

20
Q

Artery into liver

Vein away from liver

A

Hepatic artery

Hepatic vein

21
Q

7 functions of the liver

A 
Carbohydrate metabolism
Lipid metabolism 
Protein metabolism 
Storage
Blood filtering 
Detoxification 
Secretion
22
Q

Bilirubin

A

Pigment formed in the liver by break down of haemaglobin and secreted bile

23
Q

Where is bilirubin in the liver secreted to?

A

The kidney to be excreted in urine

24
Q

Duodenum

A

First part of the small intestine behind the stomach

25
Q

Jejunum

A

Second part of the small intestine (curly bit)

26
Q

Ileum

A

Last part of the small intestine (where curly part stops)

27
Q

3 parts of small intestine

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

28
Q

What runs through a vilum to increase exchange ?

A

Blood capillaries

29
Q

How are monosaccharides absorbed?

A

Facilitated diffusion and active transport

30
Q

Amino acid absorption

A

Active transport

Co transport

31
Q

Fatty acids reabsorption

A

Glycerol -facilitated diffusion

Fats- micelles

32
Q

What leads to the anus?

A

The rectum through the anal canal to the anus

33
Q

Two types of metabolic reactions

A

Anabolic

Catabolic

34
Q

Anabolic reaction

A

Larger molecules constructed from smaller ones (condensation) requires energy

35
Q

Catabolic reaction

A

Larger molecules broken down into smaller ones (like hydrolysis) releases energy

36
Q

Glycogenesis

A

Excess glucose taken up by liver and converted into glycogen to be stored

37
Q

Where does glycogenesis take place

A

Liver

38
Q

Glycogenolysis

A

Liver causes glycogen to be broken down into glucose when blood glucose levels are low

39
Q

Gluconeogenesis

A

When glycogen reserves are used up, enzymes in the liver convert substances such as amino acids and lipids into glucose

40
Q

Ketogenesis

A

Ketone bodies are produced by the break down of fatty acids

41
Q

Adenine binds to

A

Thymine

42
Q

Guanine binds to

A

Cytosine

43
Q

ATP name and components

A

Adenosinetriphosphate

Ribose sugar
Adenine
Three phosphate molecules

44
Q

Glycolysis

A

6 carbon sugar broken down into 3 pyruvates to gain 2 ATP molecules

Biology (19 decks)

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