Female & male reproductive systems Flashcards
What do the female and make reproductive systems consist of?
Glands and tubes that produces and nurture sex cells and transport them to the site of fertilisation
Male sex cells
Sperm
Female sex cells
Oocytes
Primary sex organs term
Gonads
Other organs ( other than gonads) in the reproductive system term
Accessory organs
What’s the spermatic cord that suspends the testes?
Scrotum
What cells give rise to sperm cells?
Spermatogenic cells
What tubules have an epithelium lined with spermatogenic cells?
Seminiferous tubules
What cells between the seminiferous tubules produces male hormones?
Interstitial cells
At what stage are sperm cells undifferentiated?
In the male embryo
What are undifferentiated spermatogenic cells called?
Spermatogonia
What cells in the seminiferous tubule nourish and regulate spermatogenic cells?
Sustentacular cells
Hormones in embryo development cause sperm cells to undergo…
Mitosis
How many types of cell does mitosis of spermatogonia make?
2
What two functions do the product cells of mitosis of spermatogonia cells do?
Type one remains a spermatogonial cell and continues to undergo mitosis
Type two becomes a primary spermatocyte and undergoes meiosis
Term for sperm production
Spermatogenesis
What cells are the products of meiosis from spermatocytes
Haploid, secondary spermatocytes
What’s the products of the division of secondary spermatocytes?
Spermatids
Where do sperm mature?
Epididymis
What is at the top of the sperm cell head?
Acrosome
What is the acrosome at the top of the sperm cell head?
A bag of digestive enzymes to help erode tissues around the female egg
Tail of sperm cell
Flagellum
What is contained in the mid-piece of a spermatocytes cell?
Mitochondria
What is contained in the sperm cell head?
Haploid nucleus
What are the male internal accessory organs?
Several ducts
Urethra
prostrate gland (and others)
Seminal vesicles
What are the epididymides
Coiled tubes adjacent to the testes from the testes to the vas deferens where sperm matures
Ductus deferens
Muscular tube from epididymis up to the ejaculatory duct
Seminal vesicles
Saclike structure attached to the vas deferens near base of urinary bladder
What do seminal vesicles do
Secrete fructose to nourish sperm
Secrete prostaglandins to cause muscular contractions in female tract to help propel sperm to the egg cell
Prostate gland location
Surrounds urethra at base of bladder
Prostate gland function
Secreted thin milky fluid containing citrate which nourishes sperm and prostate specific antigen to help liquefy sperm
Bulbourethral gland location and function
Small structures inferior to the prostate
Secrete mucus to lubricate tip of penis during sexual arousal
Semen
Combination of sperm and secretions from seminal vesicles and prostate and bulbourethral glands
Male external reproductive organs
Penis
Scrotum (houses testes)
Scrotum
Pouch of skin and subcutaneous tissue that houses testes, protects and regulates temperature of testes
What tissue makes up the penis
Specialised erectile tissue
What causes an erection?
Sexual arousal causes parasympathetic impulses causing increased blood flow into penis
Emission
Movement of sorry calls into urethra for ejaculation
Male sex hormones term
Androgens
Testosterone
Stimulates development of male reproductive organs and make characteristics
Primary sex organs female (gonads)
Ovaries
Where are ovaries located
The lateral pelvic cavity
Inner ovary
Outer ovary
Inner=medulla
Outer=cortex
What is in the ovarian medulla
Connective tissue
Blood vessels
Nerves
Lymphatic vessels
What is in the ovarian cortex?
Ovarian follicles
Oocyte
Cell in ovary which may undergo cell division to form an ovum
Ovum
Mature female reproductive cell
Oogenesis
Oocytes undergo meiosis to form haploid secondary oocytes and a polar body
A second division in oogenesis gives rise to what
An egg cell and another polar body
FSH initiates what
Follicle maturation
Name of a mature follicle
Antral follicle
Antral follicle contains what?
Secondary oocyte
Name of follicle before maturation
Pre antral follicle
Name of follicle before primary follicle
Primordial follicle
Female internal accessory organs
Uterine tubes, uterus, vagina
Uterine tubes known as
Fallopian tubes
What function do the cells lining the Fallopian tubes have?
Cilia which beat to draw the egg into the uterine tube
Where does fertilisation generally take place
Uterine tubes
Bottom area of the uterus
The cervix
Where does the cervix extend into
The vagina
Theee layers of the uterus
Inner- endometrium
Middle- myometrium (muscular wall)
Outer- perimetrium
What is the vagina
A fibromuscular tube from the uterus to the outside
What membrane covers the vaginal offrice
Hymen
Three layers of the vagina
Inner mucosal layer
Middle muscular layer
Outer fibrous layer
What suspends the ovaries
Ovarian ligament
Wing like structure from uterus
Broad ligament
External reproductive female organs
Vulva Clitoris Labia majora Labia minora Vestibular glands
Labia majora
Enclosed and protect other external organs
Labia minora
Hood around the clitoris
Clitoris
Mass of errectile tissue
Vestibule
Space enclosed by the labia minors into which the vagina opens
Vestibular glands
Either side of vaginal opening to provide lubrication
Estrogens
Responsible for female secondary sexual characteristics eg breast development
Where is progesterone secreted from?
Ovaries
Menarche
Monthly changes in uterine lining leading to menstrual flow
What causes menstrual flow?
Shedding of the endometrium
What hormone level change causes ovulation?
Surge in LH
Main nerve shooting to the vagina
Pudendal
The broad ligament is a wide fold of which component of the abdomen
Peritoneum
The ligament that maintains the anteversion id the uterus?
Round ligament
Fold of the squamous epithelium that forms the inner layer of the vaginal wall
Rugae
Infundibulum
part of the uterine tube between the ampulla and the fimbrae
Fimbrae
Fingerlike projections at the end of the uterine tube
Three parts of the uterine tube
1- isthmus
2-ampulla
3-infundibulum
Followed by the fimbrae
