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Biology > Female & male reproductive systems > Flashcards

Female & male reproductive systems Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What do the female and make reproductive systems consist of?

A

Glands and tubes that produces and nurture sex cells and transport them to the site of fertilisation

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2
Q

Male sex cells

A

Sperm

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3
Q

Female sex cells

A

Oocytes

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4
Q

Primary sex organs term

A

Gonads

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5
Q

Other organs ( other than gonads) in the reproductive system term

A

Accessory organs

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6
Q

What’s the spermatic cord that suspends the testes?

A

Scrotum

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7
Q

What cells give rise to sperm cells?

A

Spermatogenic cells

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8
Q

What tubules have an epithelium lined with spermatogenic cells?

A

Seminiferous tubules

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9
Q

What cells between the seminiferous tubules produces male hormones?

A

Interstitial cells

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10
Q

At what stage are sperm cells undifferentiated?

A

In the male embryo

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11
Q

What are undifferentiated spermatogenic cells called?

A

Spermatogonia

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12
Q

What cells in the seminiferous tubule nourish and regulate spermatogenic cells?

A

Sustentacular cells

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13
Q

Hormones in embryo development cause sperm cells to undergo…

A

Mitosis

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14
Q

How many types of cell does mitosis of spermatogonia make?

A

2

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15
Q

What two functions do the product cells of mitosis of spermatogonia cells do?

A

Type one remains a spermatogonial cell and continues to undergo mitosis

Type two becomes a primary spermatocyte and undergoes meiosis

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16
Q

Term for sperm production

A

Spermatogenesis

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17
Q

What cells are the products of meiosis from spermatocytes

A

Haploid, secondary spermatocytes

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18
Q

What’s the products of the division of secondary spermatocytes?

A

Spermatids

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19
Q

Where do sperm mature?

A

Epididymis

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20
Q

What is at the top of the sperm cell head?

A

Acrosome

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21
Q

What is the acrosome at the top of the sperm cell head?

A

A bag of digestive enzymes to help erode tissues around the female egg

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22
Q

Tail of sperm cell

A

Flagellum

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23
Q

What is contained in the mid-piece of a spermatocytes cell?

A

Mitochondria

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24
Q

What is contained in the sperm cell head?

A

Haploid nucleus

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25
Q

What are the male internal accessory organs?

A

Several ducts
Urethra
prostrate gland (and others)
Seminal vesicles

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26
Q

What are the epididymides

A

Coiled tubes adjacent to the testes from the testes to the vas deferens where sperm matures

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27
Q

Ductus deferens

A

Muscular tube from epididymis up to the ejaculatory duct

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28
Q

Seminal vesicles

A

Saclike structure attached to the vas deferens near base of urinary bladder

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29
Q

What do seminal vesicles do

A

Secrete fructose to nourish sperm

Secrete prostaglandins to cause muscular contractions in female tract to help propel sperm to the egg cell

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30
Q

Prostate gland location

A

Surrounds urethra at base of bladder

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31
Q

Prostate gland function

A

Secreted thin milky fluid containing citrate which nourishes sperm and prostate specific antigen to help liquefy sperm

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32
Q

Bulbourethral gland location and function

A

Small structures inferior to the prostate

Secrete mucus to lubricate tip of penis during sexual arousal

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33
Q

Semen

A

Combination of sperm and secretions from seminal vesicles and prostate and bulbourethral glands

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34
Q

Male external reproductive organs

A

Penis

Scrotum (houses testes)

35
Q

Scrotum

A

Pouch of skin and subcutaneous tissue that houses testes, protects and regulates temperature of testes

36
Q

What tissue makes up the penis

A

Specialised erectile tissue

37
Q

What causes an erection?

A

Sexual arousal causes parasympathetic impulses causing increased blood flow into penis

38
Q

Emission

A

Movement of sorry calls into urethra for ejaculation

39
Q

Male sex hormones term

A

Androgens

40
Q

Testosterone

A

Stimulates development of male reproductive organs and make characteristics

41
Q

Primary sex organs female (gonads)

A

Ovaries

42
Q

Where are ovaries located

A

The lateral pelvic cavity

43
Q

Inner ovary

Outer ovary

A

Inner=medulla

Outer=cortex

44
Q

What is in the ovarian medulla

A

Connective tissue
Blood vessels
Nerves
Lymphatic vessels

45
Q

What is in the ovarian cortex?

A

Ovarian follicles

46
Q

Oocyte

A

Cell in ovary which may undergo cell division to form an ovum

47
Q

Ovum

A

Mature female reproductive cell

48
Q

Oogenesis

A

Oocytes undergo meiosis to form haploid secondary oocytes and a polar body

49
Q

A second division in oogenesis gives rise to what

A

An egg cell and another polar body

50
Q

FSH initiates what

A

Follicle maturation

51
Q

Name of a mature follicle

A

Antral follicle

52
Q

Antral follicle contains what?

A

Secondary oocyte

53
Q

Name of follicle before maturation

A

Pre antral follicle

54
Q

Name of follicle before primary follicle

A

Primordial follicle

55
Q

Female internal accessory organs

A

Uterine tubes, uterus, vagina

56
Q

Uterine tubes known as

A

Fallopian tubes

57
Q

What function do the cells lining the Fallopian tubes have?

A

Cilia which beat to draw the egg into the uterine tube

58
Q

Where does fertilisation generally take place

A

Uterine tubes

59
Q

Bottom area of the uterus

A

The cervix

60
Q

Where does the cervix extend into

A

The vagina

61
Q

Theee layers of the uterus

A

Inner- endometrium
Middle- myometrium (muscular wall)
Outer- perimetrium

62
Q

What is the vagina

A

A fibromuscular tube from the uterus to the outside

63
Q

What membrane covers the vaginal offrice

A

Hymen

64
Q

Three layers of the vagina

A

Inner mucosal layer
Middle muscular layer
Outer fibrous layer

65
Q

What suspends the ovaries

A

Ovarian ligament

66
Q

Wing like structure from uterus

A

Broad ligament

67
Q

External reproductive female organs

A 
Vulva
Clitoris
Labia majora
Labia minora
Vestibular glands
68
Q

Labia majora

A

Enclosed and protect other external organs

69
Q

Labia minora

A

Hood around the clitoris

70
Q

Clitoris

A

Mass of errectile tissue

71
Q

Vestibule

A

Space enclosed by the labia minors into which the vagina opens

72
Q

Vestibular glands

A

Either side of vaginal opening to provide lubrication

73
Q

Estrogens

A

Responsible for female secondary sexual characteristics eg breast development

74
Q

Where is progesterone secreted from?

A

Ovaries

75
Q

Menarche

A

Monthly changes in uterine lining leading to menstrual flow

76
Q

What causes menstrual flow?

A

Shedding of the endometrium

77
Q

What hormone level change causes ovulation?

A

Surge in LH

78
Q

Main nerve shooting to the vagina

A

Pudendal

79
Q

The broad ligament is a wide fold of which component of the abdomen

A

Peritoneum

80
Q

The ligament that maintains the anteversion id the uterus?

A

Round ligament

81
Q

Fold of the squamous epithelium that forms the inner layer of the vaginal wall

A

Rugae

82
Q

Infundibulum

A

part of the uterine tube between the ampulla and the fimbrae

83
Q

Fimbrae

A

Fingerlike projections at the end of the uterine tube

84
Q

Three parts of the uterine tube

A

1- isthmus
2-ampulla
3-infundibulum
Followed by the fimbrae

Biology (19 decks)

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