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Biology > Haematology > Flashcards

Haematology Flashcards

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1
Q

4 components of blood

A

Plasma
Platelets
Red blood cells
White blood cells

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2
Q

How many litres of blood in the body?

A

4-5 litres

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3
Q

What percentage of blood is plasma?

A

55%

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4
Q

What is blood plasma made up of?

A

Water, gases, nutrients, vitamins, hormones, proteins, electrolytes , wastes

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5
Q

Haematopoiesis

A

The production of all types of blood cells including formation, development and differentiation

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6
Q

What shape are RBCs?

A

Concave

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7
Q

Where are RBCs produced?

A

Bone marrow

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8
Q

What break down old RBCs?

A

Macrophages

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9
Q

What break down haemaglobin

A

Hepatocytes

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10
Q

Where is bile secreted?

A

Into the small intestine

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11
Q

What secretes nutrients from blood?

A

Small intestine

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12
Q

Where is nutrients in small intestine moved to?

A

Bone marrow to produce new RBCs

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13
Q

What substance is formed by breakdown of haemaglobin?

A

Bilirubin

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14
Q

Where is bilirubin secreted?

A

Into bile

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15
Q

What is heme?

A

An iron containing compound which forms the non protein part of haemaglobin

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16
Q

Another term for red blood cell

A

Erythrocyte

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17
Q

Two groups of white blood cells?

A

Granulocytes

Agranulocytes

18
Q

What two white blood cells are agranulocytes?

A

Monocytes

Lymphocytes

19
Q

What type of white blood cells are granulocytes?

A

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

20
Q

Function of white blood cells?

A

Protect body against infection disease and foreign invaders

21
Q

Function of platelets

A

Stop bleeding by clumping and clotting blood vessel injuries

22
Q

List three main proteins in blood

A

Albumins
Globulin
Fibrinogen

23
Q

Three types of globulins

A

Alpha globulins- transports lipids
Beta globulins- transports lipids
Gamma globulins - antibodies

24
Q

Main gases in blood

A

O2

CO2

25
Q

What are the three steps to haemostasis after blood vessel injury?

A

Blood vessel spasm
Platelet plug formation
Blood coagulation

26
Q

What do platelets release in haemostasis?

A

Seratonin to constrict smooth muscle in blood vessel walls

27
Q

How do platelets form a plug?

A

They stick to each other and to the broken vessel and are exposed to collagen. This helps control blood loss

28
Q

What releases thrombin after tissue damage?

A

Prothrombin (activated by prothrombin activator)

29
Q

What releases fibrin after tissue damage?

A

Fibrinogen (activated by thrombin)

30
Q

Someone with type A blood has what antigens and what antibodies?

A

Anti B antibody

A antigens

31
Q

Type B blood has what antibodies and what antigens?

A

Anti- A antibody

Antigen B

32
Q

Type AB blood has what antibodies and what antigen?

A

No antibodies

A and B antigens

33
Q

Type O blood has what antibodies and what antigen?

A

A and B antibodies

No antigens

34
Q

Which blood group is the universal recipient?

A

AB as if contains no antibodies

35
Q

What is the third antigen that RBCs can carry?

A

RHD antigen

36
Q

If you have RHD antigen in you RBCs are you rhesus negative or rhesus positive?

A

Rhesus positive

37
Q

What is the name of the antibody against RHD? (Sometimes Present in those without the RHD antigen on their RBCs)?

A

Anti- D antigen

38
Q

What can happen if a fetus with RH positive blood’s blood enters its RH negative mothers blood stream during childbirth?

A

The mother produces anti- D antibodies against RH-positive blood cells between pregnancies. Therefore in the next pregnancy, maternal antibodies attack fetal red blood cells causing a miscarriage.

39
Q

What is a thrombus?

A

A blood clot

40
Q

What is an embolus

A

Anything that travels through a blood vessel until it reaches a vessel too small to let it pass, then restricts blood flow.

Biology (19 decks)

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