Haematology Flashcards
4 components of blood
Plasma
Platelets
Red blood cells
White blood cells
How many litres of blood in the body?
4-5 litres
What percentage of blood is plasma?
55%
What is blood plasma made up of?
Water, gases, nutrients, vitamins, hormones, proteins, electrolytes , wastes
Haematopoiesis
The production of all types of blood cells including formation, development and differentiation
What shape are RBCs?
Concave
Where are RBCs produced?
Bone marrow
What break down old RBCs?
Macrophages
What break down haemaglobin
Hepatocytes
Where is bile secreted?
Into the small intestine
What secretes nutrients from blood?
Small intestine
Where is nutrients in small intestine moved to?
Bone marrow to produce new RBCs
What substance is formed by breakdown of haemaglobin?
Bilirubin
Where is bilirubin secreted?
Into bile
What is heme?
An iron containing compound which forms the non protein part of haemaglobin
Another term for red blood cell
Erythrocyte
Two groups of white blood cells?
Granulocytes
Agranulocytes
What two white blood cells are agranulocytes?
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
What type of white blood cells are granulocytes?
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Function of white blood cells?
Protect body against infection disease and foreign invaders
Function of platelets
Stop bleeding by clumping and clotting blood vessel injuries
List three main proteins in blood
Albumins
Globulin
Fibrinogen
Three types of globulins
Alpha globulins- transports lipids
Beta globulins- transports lipids
Gamma globulins - antibodies
Main gases in blood
O2
CO2
What are the three steps to haemostasis after blood vessel injury?
Blood vessel spasm
Platelet plug formation
Blood coagulation
What do platelets release in haemostasis?
Seratonin to constrict smooth muscle in blood vessel walls
How do platelets form a plug?
They stick to each other and to the broken vessel and are exposed to collagen. This helps control blood loss
What releases thrombin after tissue damage?
Prothrombin (activated by prothrombin activator)
What releases fibrin after tissue damage?
Fibrinogen (activated by thrombin)
Someone with type A blood has what antigens and what antibodies?
Anti B antibody
A antigens
Type B blood has what antibodies and what antigens?
Anti- A antibody
Antigen B
Type AB blood has what antibodies and what antigen?
No antibodies
A and B antigens
Type O blood has what antibodies and what antigen?
A and B antibodies
No antigens
Which blood group is the universal recipient?
AB as if contains no antibodies
What is the third antigen that RBCs can carry?
RHD antigen
If you have RHD antigen in you RBCs are you rhesus negative or rhesus positive?
Rhesus positive
What is the name of the antibody against RHD? (Sometimes Present in those without the RHD antigen on their RBCs)?
Anti- D antigen
What can happen if a fetus with RH positive blood’s blood enters its RH negative mothers blood stream during childbirth?
The mother produces anti- D antibodies against RH-positive blood cells between pregnancies. Therefore in the next pregnancy, maternal antibodies attack fetal red blood cells causing a miscarriage.
What is a thrombus?
A blood clot
What is an embolus
Anything that travels through a blood vessel until it reaches a vessel too small to let it pass, then restricts blood flow.
