Haematology

Question 1

4 components of blood

Answer 1

Plasma
Platelets
Red blood cells
White blood cells

Question 2

How many litres of blood in the body?

Answer 2

4-5 litres

Question 3

What percentage of blood is plasma?

Answer 3

55%

Question 4

What is blood plasma made up of?

Answer 4

Water, gases, nutrients, vitamins, hormones, proteins, electrolytes , wastes

Question 5

Haematopoiesis

Answer 5

The production of all types of blood cells including formation, development and differentiation

Question 6

What shape are RBCs?

Answer 6

Concave

Question 7

Where are RBCs produced?

Answer 7

Bone marrow

Question 8

What break down old RBCs?

Answer 8

Macrophages

Question 9

What break down haemaglobin

Answer 9

Hepatocytes

Question 10

Where is bile secreted?

Answer 10

Into the small intestine

Question 11

What secretes nutrients from blood?

Answer 11

Small intestine

Question 12

Where is nutrients in small intestine moved to?

Answer 12

Bone marrow to produce new RBCs

Question 13

What substance is formed by breakdown of haemaglobin?

Answer 13

Bilirubin

Question 14

Where is bilirubin secreted?

Answer 14

Into bile

Question 15

What is heme?

Answer 15

An iron containing compound which forms the non protein part of haemaglobin

Question 16

Another term for red blood cell

Answer 16

Erythrocyte

Question 17

Two groups of white blood cells?

Answer 17

Granulocytes

Agranulocytes

Question 18

What two white blood cells are agranulocytes?

Answer 18

Monocytes

Lymphocytes

Question 19

What type of white blood cells are granulocytes?

Answer 19

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

Question 20

Function of white blood cells?

Answer 20

Protect body against infection disease and foreign invaders

Question 21

Function of platelets

Answer 21

Stop bleeding by clumping and clotting blood vessel injuries

Question 22

List three main proteins in blood

Answer 22

Albumins
Globulin
Fibrinogen

Question 23

Three types of globulins

Answer 23

Alpha globulins- transports lipids
Beta globulins- transports lipids
Gamma globulins - antibodies

Question 24

Main gases in blood

Answer 24

O2

CO2

Question 25

What are the three steps to haemostasis after blood vessel injury?

Answer 25

Blood vessel spasm Platelet plug formation Blood coagulation

Question 26

What do platelets release in haemostasis?

Answer 26

Seratonin to constrict smooth muscle in blood vessel walls

Question 27

How do platelets form a plug?

Answer 27

They stick to each other and to the broken vessel and are exposed to collagen. This helps control blood loss

Question 28

What releases thrombin after tissue damage?

Answer 28

Prothrombin (activated by prothrombin activator)

Question 29

What releases fibrin after tissue damage?

Answer 29

Fibrinogen (activated by thrombin)

Question 30

Someone with type A blood has what antigens and what antibodies?

Answer 30

Anti B antibody | A antigens

Question 31

Type B blood has what antibodies and what antigens?

Answer 31

Anti- A antibody | Antigen B

Question 32

Type AB blood has what antibodies and what antigen?

Answer 32

No antibodies | A and B antigens

Question 33

Type O blood has what antibodies and what antigen?

Answer 33

A and B antibodies | No antigens

Question 34

Which blood group is the universal recipient?

Answer 34

AB as if contains no antibodies

Question 35

What is the third antigen that RBCs can carry?

Answer 35

RHD antigen

Question 36

If you have RHD antigen in you RBCs are you rhesus negative or rhesus positive?

Answer 36

Rhesus positive

Question 37

What is the name of the antibody against RHD? (Sometimes Present in those without the RHD antigen on their RBCs)?

Answer 37

Anti- D antigen

Question 38

What can happen if a fetus with RH positive blood’s blood enters its RH negative mothers blood stream during childbirth?

Answer 38

The mother produces anti- D antibodies against RH-positive blood cells between pregnancies. Therefore in the next pregnancy, maternal antibodies attack fetal red blood cells causing a miscarriage.

Question 39

What is a thrombus?

Answer 39

A blood clot

Question 40

What is an embolus

Answer 40

Anything that travels through a blood vessel until it reaches a vessel too small to let it pass, then restricts blood flow.